Parálisis de Bell

ALA deficiency is associated with eczematous skin changes including dryness, scaling, and impaired barrier function. ALA and omega-3 derivatives help maintain skin hydration and dampen the inflammatory responses central to eczema pathogenesis.

Moisturizers containing allantoin have been shown to reduce symptoms of mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis, and a study of chronic hand eczema found allantoin cream combined with tazarotene/betamethasone significantly improved lesion and pruritus scores. Allantoin's keratolytic, humectant, and mild anti-inflammatory properties address key eczema features including barrier disruption, scaling, and inflammation.

Topical aloe vera has demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and barrier-repair properties relevant to eczema. Clinical studies show reductions in SCORAD eczema severity scores with aloe vera cream use. A 2020 trial found a combination including aloe vera gel outperformed a topical corticosteroid (Betamethasone) for atopic dermatitis rashes. Evidence is strongest for mild to moderate disease.

Indigo Naturalis oil extract (Lindioil), derived primarily from S. cusia, has been tested in multiple clinical trials for atopic dermatitis (eczema). A randomized crossover trial showed significant EASI reduction, and a prior randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial demonstrated ~50% reduction in EASI versus ~20% for placebo.

B. animalis subsp. lactis strains have been evaluated in RCTs for eczema prevention and treatment in infants and children, with mixed but documented results. A multi-strain probiotic including B. animalis subsp. lactis CECT 8145 showed a significant improvement in SCORAD index in children with atopic dermatitis. Fecal Bifidobacterium levels correlated positively with improvement of atopic eczema severity in a pediatric trial. One large RCT of HN019 found no significant effect on eczema prevention, whereas other combination products yielded positive outcomes.

Bifidobacterium bifidum has been used in RCTs studying probiotic prevention of eczema in high-risk infants. A double-blind placebo-controlled RCT included B. bifidum BGN4 in a multi-strain combination given prenatally and postpartum to reduce eczema incidence. Multi-strain combinations including B. bifidum have shown significant SCORAD improvements in children.

Bifidobacterium breve has been studied in RCTs for atopic dermatitis prevention and treatment in infants and children. Multiple clinical trials have assessed B. breve as a standalone or combination probiotic, showing reductions in eczema incidence and SCORAD scores in some but not all studies.

Bifidobacterium lactis (animalis subsp. lactis) has been studied in multiple RCTs for eczema prevention in high-risk infants and SCORAD reduction in children with atopic dermatitis. A 2019 RCT found a mixture of L. rhamnosus and B. animalis subsp. lactis reduced eczema incidence in infants over 6 months.

Bifidobacterium longum is one of the three most evidence-supported probiotic strains for atopic eczema, with multiple RCTs showing prevention in high-risk infants and SCORAD reduction in children with established AD. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial demonstrated B. longum CECT 7347 in combination reduced SCORAD in pediatric AD.

An RCT found N. sativa cream to be as effective as betamethasone in improving quality of life and reducing eczema severity, with both superior to eucerin alone. The 2022 systematic review of skin disease RCTs (14 RCTs, 732 participants) covered atopic dermatitis and eczema among other conditions.

Multiple clinical trials and a systematic review have evaluated borage oil (oral and topical) for atopic dermatitis/eczema. Results are mixed but the majority of studies show at least modest benefit; one large double-blind RCT (Henz et al., 1999, n=160) was positive, while a 2003 BMJ RCT found no significant effect. Overall, borage oil may benefit mild-to-moderate atopic eczema in some patients.

Borage oil is a concentrated source of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) and has been trialed in atopic eczema based on the delta-6-desaturase deficiency hypothesis. Double-blind RCTs show mixed results; a 2003 Cochrane-reviewed RCT (BMJ) found no statistically significant benefit over placebo. Some smaller studies report modest improvements in hydration and itch.

Bromelain, a protease enzyme from pineapple, has anti-inflammatory properties studied in allergic and inflammatory conditions including eczema. It is commonly co-administered with quercetin for eczema due to its ability to enhance quercetin bioavailability and its own independent anti-inflammatory effects on immune cell function.

A 2019 study (Toxicological Research, PMC-indexed) found that C. camphora leaf extract alleviated atopic dermatitis symptoms in mice, reducing IgE, lymph node inflammation, and ear swelling. Medical News Today cites this as evidence that camphor oil may treat eczema. A 2024 MDPI Pharmaceuticals review listed eczema as a documented camphor application in skin disease.

Ceramides are lipids that form a critical component of the skin barrier; their deficiency in the stratum corneum is a hallmark of eczema. Topical ceramide-dominant moisturizers have been studied in randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials, demonstrating improvements in EASI, TEWL, skin hydration, and quality of life in adult eczema patients.

Multiple RCTs support topical VCO for atopic dermatitis (eczema). A double-blind RCT in 52 adults found VCO reduced SCORAD severity and cleared S. aureus colonization more effectively than virgin olive oil. A pediatric RCT confirmed VCO superior to mineral oil on SCORAD, TEWL, and skin capacitance after eight weeks.

Virgin coconut oil has been tested against mineral oil in atopic dermatitis (eczema) patients and demonstrated superior outcomes in clinical review. VCO's anti-inflammatory mechanisms (cytokine inhibition, skin barrier repair) are relevant to eczema pathophysiology. A 2022 review confirmed coconut oil outperformed mineral oil in atopic dermatitis trials.

Virgin coconut oil has antimicrobial (lauric acid) and emollient properties studied in pediatric atopic dermatitis. A randomized double-blind clinical trial found topical virgin coconut oil significantly improved SCORAD index, reduced transepidermal water loss, and increased skin capacitance compared with mineral oil in children with mild-to-moderate AD.

Omega-3 fatty acids reduce the Th2-mediated inflammatory response underlying atopic eczema. Observational studies link higher maternal and infant omega-3 intake with lower eczema risk. Some RCTs show modest benefit of omega-3 supplementation for eczema severity, though evidence is not fully consistent.

Curcumin, the primary bioactive compound in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties mechanistically relevant to eczema. An open clinical trial in 42 atopic dermatitis patients found those adding oral curcumin to standard care showed improved outcomes. A 2016 review of 10 studies found significant skin disease improvement with curcumin.

DHA is a long-chain omega-3 fatty acid studied as a dietary supplement in atopic eczema. A specific RCT comparing DHA versus saturated fatty acid controls in eczema patients found benefit, and DHA was included as a standalone evaluated intervention in the Cochrane dietary supplement review for established atopic dermatitis.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial published in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2015) evaluated whey combined with dodder seed extract (Cuscuta campestris) for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in adults. This represents direct human clinical evidence for dodder's role in eczema management.

E. purpurea-derived alkylamides applied topically in cream form have been evaluated in clinical trials for atopic eczema (AE). A multi-part clinical trial published in the Journal of Dermatological Science (2017) found significant reductions in local SCORAD scores and restoration of the epidermal lipid barrier. The mechanism involves CB2 receptor activation by alkamides, modulating cutaneous inflammation. NCCIH notes the evidence remains insufficient for a clear therapeutic recommendation.

EPA-containing fish oil supplements have been trialed in atopic dermatitis (eczema) with some RCTs showing reductions in SCORAD severity, itching, and inflammatory biomarkers, though results are inconsistent across studies. The evidence supports a modest anti-inflammatory benefit rather than a definitive cure.

EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) is a specific omega-3 fatty acid with direct anti-inflammatory relevance to eczema. A 2023 randomized triple-blind clinical trial found EPA supplementation reduced atopic dermatitis severity in children. EPA inhibits arachidonic acid-derived pro-inflammatory eicosanoids implicated in eczema pathogenesis.

Evening primrose oil (EPO) is rich in gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) and has been extensively trialed for atopic eczema, based on the hypothesis that eczema patients have impaired delta-6-desaturase activity. Some controlled trials show reductions in SCORAD and improvements in inflammation and dryness, though a Cochrane review found inconsistent overall benefit. A subset of patients with demonstrated GLA deficiency may respond better.

Fish oil, rich in EPA and DHA (omega-3 fatty acids), has anti-inflammatory effects relevant to eczema via modulation of eicosanoid production and Th2 inflammatory pathways. RCTs and systematic reviews have assessed fish oil in atopic dermatitis, with some trials showing reductions in eczema severity, though overall results are mixed.

ALA and linoleic acid in flaxseed oil support skin barrier function and reduce inflammatory responses relevant to eczema. Clinical and mechanistic evidence links omega-3 fatty acids to reduced eczema symptom severity. Flaxseed oil has traditional and documented use for eczema.

Gardenia jasminoides extract has been shown to improve atopic dermatitis symptoms in mouse models by restoring skin barrier function and modulating T helper 2-mediated immune responses. Topical 70% ethanolic GF extract reduces AD symptoms in dust-mite-sensitized animals. Genipin's suppression of T cell activation provides an immunological basis for this activity.

Gardenia jasminoides extract has shown efficacy against atopic dermatitis (eczema) in multiple mouse models via inhibition of Th2-mediated inflammatory responses, suppression of IgE and histamine, and restoration of skin barrier proteins. Geniposide is identified as a key active constituent for these anti-allergic effects. Evidence remains preclinical.

Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) is the key active constituent in evening primrose oil and borage oil, mechanistically relevant to atopic eczema via the delta-6-desaturase deficiency hypothesis. Some RCTs show improvements in skin hydration and inflammation in atopic dermatitis, though results across trials are inconsistent and the Cochrane review found no consistent benefit.

Gotu Kola has demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory effects in atopic dermatitis/eczema models by reducing TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-13, IgE, and mast cell infiltration. Clinical and animal data support both topical and oral applications for reducing eczema symptoms. Traditional use across Asian systems has documented it for weeping eczema for centuries.

Honey, particularly manuka honey, has demonstrated broad-spectrum antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties relevant to atopic dermatitis. Clinical and mechanistic studies published in peer-reviewed journals support its potential as a topical treatment adjunct for AD, primarily through inhibiting S. aureus and modulating inflammatory pathways.

Impatiens species display antipruritic and antidermatitic activity in animal models. Kaempferol isolated from Impatiens petals inhibited scratching behavior in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis. These findings support a mechanistic basis for traditional topical use in eczematous skin conditions.

The same double-blind topical trial (Togni et al., 2014) that investigated psoriasis also studied erythematous eczema and found the Bosexil® boswellic acid cream promising. A radiation dermatitis RCT (n=114) found topical BA cream significantly reduced clinician-assessed erythema intensity (22% vs. 49%, P=0.009) and need for topical corticosteroids.

L-histidine is incorporated into filaggrin, the key skin barrier protein deficient in atopic dermatitis. Pilot RCTs in adults and children with eczema showed 34–49% reductions in validated disease severity scores with oral L-histidine supplementation. Both filaggrin-enhancing and natural moisturizing factor effects are supported by in vitro data.

LA is the most abundant fatty acid in the epidermis, essential for forming the stratum corneum permeability barrier, and patients with atopic dermatitis (eczema) show impaired LA metabolism with resulting barrier dysfunction. A randomized clinical trial found a LA-containing emulsion produced a statistically significant change in transepidermal water loss (TEWL) unlike a comparator urea emulsion. Topical and oral LA-rich oils have shown clinical benefit in eczema symptoms.

Lactobacillus acidophilus has been studied in multiple RCTs for atopic dermatitis prevention and treatment. As part of multi-strain probiotic combinations, it has demonstrated improvements in SCORAD indices in pediatric eczema and is among the specific strains identified with evidence of efficacy across multiple studies in systematic reviews.

Clinical RCTs have examined L. casei and closely related strains for atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome (AEDS), particularly in infants and young children. A multicenter Polish RCT used a mixture of L. casei ŁOCK 0900, L. casei ŁOCK 0908, and L. paracasei ŁOCK 0919 in 60 children under 24 months with atopic eczema and cow's milk protein allergy, finding improvements in SCORAD index. Proposed mechanisms include Th1/Treg immune skewing and reduction of pro-allergic IL-5.

Lactobacillus fermentum is among the Lactobacillus species studied for atopic dermatitis, with clinical evidence showing SCORAD improvements. A probiotic formulation including L. fermentum significantly improved SCORAD values in children with AD in published clinical studies.

Lactobacillus paracasei has demonstrated anti-allergic effects in atopic dermatitis. In vitro studies show it modulates cytokine profiles in allergic children toward Th1 (anti-allergic) responses, and it is listed among probiotic strains with evidence of efficacy in AD in clinical systematic reviews.

Lactobacillus plantarum has demonstrated efficacy in atopic dermatitis across multiple RCTs and is one of the three probiotic species most consistently identified with benefit in systematic reviews. It reduces SCORAD index, serum IgE, and Th2 cytokines in AD patients.

Lactobacillus reuteri has been studied in RCTs for atopic dermatitis prevention and is among the five major lactobacilli species identified with clinical evidence for AD in systematic reviews. It modulates immune responses via TLR2 signaling and supports Th1/Th2 balance.

Lactobacillus rhamnosus (particularly the GG strain) is the most extensively studied probiotic for atopic eczema, with multiple RCTs and systematic reviews demonstrating reduced eczema prevalence and severity, especially in high-risk infants and children. A double-blind RCT found L. rhamnosus HN001 halved cumulative eczema prevalence at 2 and 4 years.

Lactobacillus salivarius is among the specific probiotic strains identified with evidence of efficacy and safety in atopic dermatitis across multiple clinical studies. It is included in multi-strain formulations that have shown SCORAD improvements in pediatric eczema.

A human clinical study found that children with atopic dermatitis (AD) who consumed yogurt containing L. lactis 11/19-B1 daily for 8 weeks showed a significant reduction in SCORAD scores. Parallel mouse model work identified L. lactis 11/19-B1 as the most active strain among five tested LAB species for suppressing AD-like inflammatory findings. A recent topical pilot RCT in adults using L. lactis lysate cream found no significant efficacy on EASI scores.

NCCIH notes that topical licorice gels show preliminary evidence of benefit for atopic dermatitis symptoms. Clinical studies have found topical licorice cream comparable in efficacy to 1% hydrocortisone for mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis. Glycyrrhetinic acid slows degradation of endogenous skin steroids, amplifying local anti-inflammatory effects. Evidence is positive but still limited to small trials.

Two small controlled clinical trials have evaluated topical marshmallow in atopic dermatitis/eczema with positive outcomes. A 2021 pilot RCT found A. officinalis 1% ointment produced significant SCORAD score improvement in children with mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis comparable to hydrocortisone 1%. A second 2021 RCT found liposomal A. officinalis flower extract was as effective as topical steroids for moderate-to-severe atopic eczema.

Topical menthol is used for itch relief in eczema (atopic dermatitis), a primary symptom driver. Clinical guidelines recognize menthol as a first-line topical agent for neuropathic and inflammatory pruritus, which characterizes eczema.

Colloidal oatmeal (derived from Avena sativa) is an FDA-recognized OTC skin protectant with documented anti-inflammatory, anti-pruritic, and barrier-repair properties. Multiple clinical studies and systematic reviews confirm it improves eczema severity scores (EASI, IGA), itch, dryness, and quality of life, particularly as adjunct therapy in mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis.

OA alleviates atopic dermatitis (eczema)-like symptoms in a DNCB-induced mouse model by suppressing Th2 cytokines, reducing serum histamine, and blocking Akt/NF-κB/STAT1 activation in keratinocytes. Both topical and oral routes have shown efficacy in animal models.

Oleic acid has documented anti-inflammatory activity in irritant contact dermatitis models and is incorporated into topical formulations for eczema-prone skin. Preclinical studies show oleic acid reduces oedema and cytokine release in skin inflammation models. The relationship is mixed—high oleic acid concentrations may impair barrier function in susceptible individuals, but formulated products show benefit.

Evidence on topical olive oil for eczema is genuinely mixed and largely cautionary. Well-cited RCTs show olive oil can damage the stratum corneum barrier and worsen atopic dermatitis, while some anti-inflammatory effects have been documented. The National Eczema Association and National Eczema Society do not recommend topical olive oil for eczema due to barrier disruption concerns.

Omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA from fish oil; ALA from plant sources) have direct anti-inflammatory effects on eczema-relevant cytokine and eicosanoid pathways. Multiple RCTs and systematic reviews have assessed oral omega-3 supplementation in atopic dermatitis, with some trials demonstrating improvements in SCORAD and itch.

Atopic dermatitis (eczema) is pathophysiologically linked to deficiencies in essential fatty acids, including omega-6 PUFAs, which compromise skin barrier function. GLA-rich oils (evening primrose, borage) have been studied in multiple human trials with mixed but partially positive results for symptom reduction and barrier improvement. Evidence for preventive benefit is more consistent than for treatment.

Sea buckthorn oil has been studied in atopic dermatitis (eczema). Yang et al. (J Nutr Biochem, 2000) demonstrated that dietary supplementation with sea buckthorn seed and pulp oils altered skin glycerophospholipid fatty acid composition in atopic dermatitis patients, suggesting incorporation into skin lipids. This study provides mechanistic human evidence, though large RCTs specifically for eczema efficacy with omega-7 are lacking.

Topical Mahonia aquifolium extract has been studied in an uncontrolled clinical trial in 42 adults with atopic dermatitis using a proprietary liposomal cream (Reliéva). EASI scores fell by 97% over 12 weeks, and 93.3% of patients reported improvement. A double-blind RCT also found a herbal ointment containing M. aquifolium improved mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis versus vehicle.

Multiple clinical studies support dexpanthenol's role in atopic dermatitis (eczema) management. A 2022 PMC review concluded dexpanthenol improves skin barrier function, reduces flares, and has a corticosteroid-sparing effect. A pilot RCT found 5% dexpanthenol non-inferior to 1% hydrocortisone for childhood atopic dermatitis over 4 weeks. A split-hand RCT showed panthenol ointment non-inferior to triamcinolone for chronic hand eczema.

A 2024 published study (Antioxidants, PMC11351312) showed oral papain reduced atopic dermatitis severity scores, transepidermal water loss, inflammatory cytokines, serum IgE, epidermal thickness, and mast cell infiltration in a validated mouse model, alongside suppression of MAPK/STAT pathways in human keratinocytes. A second 2025 paper (MDPI, PMC12653787) confirmed papain alleviates atopic inflammation by reducing TEWL and downregulating Th2/Th17 cytokines. All current evidence is preclinical; no human clinical trials of papain specifically for eczema have been identified.

A 2024 PMC study specifically tested parsley extract in a human keratinocyte cell line and an experimental atopic dermatitis (eczema) mouse model, demonstrating significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and reduction of AD symptoms. The mechanism involves Nrf2 and NF-κB pathway modulation.

Topical feverfew—specifically the parthenolide-depleted extract (PD-Feverfew)—has clinical evidence supporting benefit in atopic eczema and allergic contact dermatitis. DermNet NZ notes its activity 'appears comparable to weak topical steroids.' A clinical study showed significant erythema reduction versus placebo. This constitutes scientific evidence at the clinical level.

Topical rosmarinic acid (0.3% emulsion), a major constituent of Perilla, significantly reduced erythema, transepidermal water loss, dryness, and pruritus in a clinical study of atopic dermatitis patients over 8 weeks. Preclinical studies in NC/Nga mice confirm rosmarinic acid suppresses T-cell and mast cell-mediated skin inflammation relevant to eczema.

A 2023 randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial (n=70) in chronic hand eczema patients found oral purslane syrup significantly reduced physician-reported fissure scores, participant-reported itching, dryness, and composite symptom scores over 4 weeks. Traditional use of purslane poultices for eczema and skin inflammation is also extensively documented.

Quercetin has antihistamine-like and anti-inflammatory properties mechanistically relevant to eczema, inhibiting mast cell activation, IgE-mediated responses, and histamine release. Multiple eczema evidence databases rate quercetin as a complement to first-line eczema treatments based on its documented antiallergic mechanism, though large-scale clinical RCTs specifically for eczema are limited.

Rosehip preparations have documented topical benefits for eczema (atopic dermatitis), with a 2024 systematic review listing atopic dermatitis as a primary dermatological application. Rosehip's anti-inflammatory vitamin C and barrier-supporting essential fatty acids address core eczema pathophysiology. In vitro antimicrobial activity against S. aureus—the major eczema-complicating pathogen—adds further relevance.

A published human clinical study demonstrated that topical 0.3% rosmarinic acid emulsion applied twice daily for 8 weeks to atopic dermatitis (eczema) patients significantly reduced erythema, SCORAD index, pruritus, and transepidermal water loss. No adverse reactions were observed in patch testing. These findings support RA as a potential topical therapeutic for mild atopic eczema.

R. cordifolia is widely recognized in both Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine for treating eczema. A preliminary open-label clinical study using Manjistha ointment topically for two weeks showed statistically significant improvement (p<0.05) in eczema severity scores, with the greatest benefit in exudation, secondary infection, and itching. The plant is also listed in TCM under dermatological indications including eczema.

Schizonepeta appears in TCM formulas (particularly Xiao Feng San) evaluated in controlled trials for atopic eczema/dermatitis. Sheehan et al. published controlled trials in the Lancet (1992) and British Journal of Dermatology (1992) showing benefit for atopic eczema using a formula containing Schizonepeta. Animal and in vitro studies confirm anti-atopic-dermatitis mechanisms including suppression of IgE, TNF-α, and TRPV1.

Reduced selenium concentrations in blood, plasma, and white cells, along with decreased glutathione peroxidase activity, have been documented in atopic dermatitis patients. A 2020 systematic review and meta-analysis found significantly lower selenium levels in atopic dermatitis patients versus controls (SMD −2.62). However, a double-blind RCT in 60 adults found no significant clinical improvement in eczema severity after 12 weeks of selenium supplementation at 600 µg/day. Evidence links selenium deficiency to atopic dermatitis pathophysiology but supplementation trials have not demonstrated consistent clinical benefit.

Multiple clinical studies support shea butter's use as an emollient for atopic dermatitis, improving skin hydration, TEWL, pruritus, and SCORAD indices. A shea butter-containing cream performed comparably to a ceramide-precursor product in pediatric atopic dermatitis. Its cinnamic acid ester fraction provides documented anti-inflammatory activity beyond simple moisturization.

S. flavescens (Ku Shen) has been clinically used to treat eczema and atopic dermatitis in Chinese medicine, with licensed preparations available. Matrine and oxymatrine reduce key inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-4) in eczema models. Animal studies confirm dose-dependent skin lesion improvement comparable to dexamethasone.

Atopic dermatitis patients show altered cutaneous SPM profiles with reduced omega-3-derived resolvins and protectins. Human studies document impaired resolution mechanisms in AD skin. Omega-3 supplementation studies show improvement in barrier function and atopic symptoms, with SPM generation as a proposed mechanism.

Topical S. thermophilus creams have been tested in clinical trials for atopic dermatitis (eczema), with one controlled study in 11 patients showing increased skin ceramide levels and significant improvement in erythema, scaling, and pruritus. A randomized placebo-controlled trial of inactivated S. thermophilus lotion in 24 patients also showed significant improvement in skin moisture, oiliness, irritation, flaking, and itching.

Topical sunflower seed oil and its derivatives have demonstrated benefit in atopic dermatitis (eczema) in multiple clinical trials. A 2019 RCT showed 20% sunflower seed oil cream reduced TEWL and improved eczema severity in children. Sunflower oleodistillate activates PPAR-alpha to restore barrier function and reduce atopic skin inflammation.

Sunflower seed oil is rich in linoleic acid (omega-6) and has emollient and barrier-repair properties studied in eczema and neonatal skin. Clinical data show it reduces transepidermal water loss, improves skin hydration, and provides antibacterial benefits, making it a relevant adjunct in atopic dermatitis management.

Tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects with direct relevance to eczema. A human study found topical tea tree oil reduced allergic contact dermatitis by 40.5% (p=0.003), outperforming zinc oxide and clobetasone butyrate. Its primary active constituent terpinen-4-ol inhibits pro-inflammatory mediators.

Turmeric contains curcumin, which has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties studied in atopic eczema. A cream with six medicinal herbs including turmeric decreased eczema symptoms in 150 AD patients after 4 weeks. A 2016 review of 10 studies found significant improvement in skin disease severity with curcumin/turmeric.

Vitamin D has a regulatory role in skin barrier function and immune modulation directly relevant to eczema pathogenesis. A meta-analysis of nine RCTs found significant SCORAD improvement in atopic dermatitis patients supplemented with vitamin D. Low vitamin D levels are consistently associated with worse eczema severity.

Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is the form of vitamin D most studied in atopic dermatitis, with a meta-analysis of nine RCTs demonstrating significant SCORAD improvement. It modulates filaggrin expression, Th2 immune dysregulation, and antimicrobial peptide production—all central to eczema pathogenesis.

Vitamin E has antioxidant properties studied in atopic eczema, with some RCTs showing improvement in eczema severity. A systematic review and meta-analysis found vitamin E supplementation reduced eczema symptoms. It may also support skin barrier function and reduce oxidative stress-driven inflammation.

Zinc plays a role in immune regulation and skin barrier maintenance; deficiency is consistently associated with eczema. RCTs of oral zinc sulfate have been conducted in atopic dermatitis patients, and lower serum zinc levels are found in eczema patients compared to controls. Zinc supports epithelial integrity and modulates inflammatory responses.

Agrimony is traditionally used topically for skin inflammation, including eczematous and inflammatory skin conditions. The German Commission E monographs its external use for mild skin inflammation. Traditional preparations include compresses and rinses applied to affected skin areas.

Traditional use of amaranth leaves applied externally for eczema is documented in South Asian and other folk medicine traditions. Bruised A. spinosus leaves are listed as an emollient for eczema across multiple ethnobotanical surveys. Squalene and linoleic acid in amaranth oil have reported anti-inflammatory properties relevant to atopic skin conditions, though clinical trials are absent.

Argan oil has documented traditional use for treating atopic dermatitis and dry skin conditions. Its barrier-supporting lipids and anti-inflammatory components are mechanistically plausible for eczema relief. No RCTs in eczema patients have been published.

Barberry has documented traditional use for eczema as both a topical preparation and internal remedy, based on its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. EBSCO and The Herbal Resource both list eczema among barberry's traditional indications for skin conditions.

Birch bark oil and birch tar have been used in folk medicine for eczema (atopic dermatitis) for centuries. Animal model data (Betula platyphylla bark in NC/Nga mice) support anti-inflammatory effects relevant to atopic dermatitis. Betulin has shown activity in normalising disrupted skin function including in atopic contexts. Controlled human trials specifically for eczema are lacking.

Black walnut hull is one of the most consistently cited traditional remedies for eczema, used topically as a tincture or salve. Its astringent tannins reduce weeping and itching, while juglone provides antimicrobial activity against secondary bacterial infection. No human RCTs exist for eczema specifically.

Burdock is one of the most prominent traditional herbs for eczema in both TCM and European herbalism, used both internally and topically. The EMA community herbal monograph formally recognizes burdock root as a traditional herbal medicine for seborrhoeic skin conditions. Mechanistically, anti-inflammatory and alterative actions are cited, but high-quality clinical trials specific to eczema are lacking.

Cabbage leaf poultices applied to eczematous skin are a documented traditional remedy, with the anti-inflammatory and soothing properties of glucosinolates, flavonoids, and vitamin C cited as the mechanism. Traditional herbalist sources describe applying bruised cabbage leaf directly to eczematous areas to reduce inflammation and irritation. No clinical trials investigating cabbage leaf for eczema specifically have been identified.

Calendula officinalis has a long traditional use in European herbal medicine for inflammatory, pruritic, and eczematous skin conditions, recognized in the German Commission E and ESCOP monographs. Its anti-inflammatory constituents (triterpenoids, flavonoids) and wound-healing properties provide mechanistic rationale.

Chamomile (Matricaria recutita / German chamomile) has a long traditional use in Europe and Asia for inflammatory skin conditions including eczema, supported by its anti-inflammatory constituents (bisabolol, apigenin, chamazulene). Network pharmacology studies have characterized its multi-target mechanisms in eczema, and Commission E/ESCOP monographs recognize topical chamomile for inflammatory skin conditions.

Chickweed is one of the most consistently recommended topical herbal remedies for eczema across European and TCM herbal traditions. Herbal practitioners describe it as a key herb for inflammatory, itchy skin conditions. In vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory data on human skin cells provide partial mechanistic support.

Cleavers has well-documented traditional use for eczema across European and North American herbal traditions, used both internally as a tea and externally as a poultice or wash. The proposed mechanism involves lymphatic drainage and anti-inflammatory polyphenols. No clinical trials have been published.

Coix seed is a classical component of TCM formulas for atopic eczema, used to clear 'damp-heat' and support skin barrier recovery. It appears in preparations such as Qin-Zhu-Liang-Xue decoction. Newer in vitro research on fermented coix hydrolysate supports skin barrier gene upregulation.

Coleus forskohlii has been used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat eczema and other skin conditions. The proposed mechanism involves cAMP elevation stabilizing mast cells and reducing histamine release in atopic skin. No dedicated human clinical trials for eczema have been published.

Coltsfoot has documented traditional use as a topical remedy for skin conditions including eczema, applied as poultices, creams, or salves. Its anti-inflammatory and emollient properties provide a plausible mechanistic basis. No human clinical trial evidence exists.

Dandelion is traditionally used in popular European herbal medicine and TCM for eczema and other inflammatory skin conditions. It is cited as a blood purifier with depurative hepatic properties considered relevant to skin health in traditional systems. No clinical eczema trials exist.

Eczema is associated with reduced cAMP levels in skin and bronchial cells, leading to mast cell degranulation and inflammation. Forskolin's cAMP-raising mechanism is theoretically relevant and the plant has documented Ayurvedic use for eczema, but no direct human clinical trials for eczema have been conducted.

Gamma oryzanol is used for eczema in complementary medicine contexts and is listed among its uses on clinical reference platforms. However, WebMD explicitly states there is no good scientific evidence to support this use, and no peer-reviewed clinical trials on eczema have been identified.

Geranium EO is a traditional remedy for eczema (atopic dermatitis), with its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties providing a plausible mechanism. In vitro and animal model evidence supports anti-inflammatory activity relevant to eczema, but human RCT evidence is lacking.

Goldenrod is listed in traditional herbal medicine and complementary medicine references for eczema and other inflammatory skin conditions. RxList and MedicineNet both document this use, referencing historical application. Anti-inflammatory flavonoids provide pharmacological plausibility for topical use. No clinical trials have been conducted.

Goldenseal is listed in traditional herbalism for eczema, and the USPTO patent review of its traditional uses specifically names eczema as a condition for which it has been used. No clinical trials of goldenseal for eczema have been identified.

Seeds and bark of H. antidysenterica are traditionally used for eczema, scabies, and skin diseases in Ayurvedic, Unani, and ethnomedicinal practice. The seeds are specifically listed as useful for eczema in classical texts and documented case series. No controlled dermatological clinical trials exist.

Honeysuckle is used topically and internally in TCM for inflammatory skin conditions including eczema, with anti-inflammatory properties now incorporated into cosmeceuticals targeting eczema and sensitive skin. Evidence is primarily traditional and in vitro; no human clinical trials for eczema specifically have been identified.

H. italicum has been documented in traditional Mediterranean use for skin inflammatory conditions including eczema-type dermatoses. Its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities provide biological plausibility, and it is referenced as an additional/alternative therapy for atopic dermatitis; dedicated clinical trials are absent.

Indian sarsaparilla is documented in Ayurvedic and traditional Indian medicine as a treatment for eczema, applied both topically as paste and internally as decoction. Its blood-purifying and anti-inflammatory properties are the traditional rationale. Preclinical antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory evidence provides indirect support, but no clinical trials for eczema specifically exist.

In Ayurveda and Siddha medicine, indigo leaves are topically applied for eczema to reduce itching, inflammation, and redness. The anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties of the leaf constituents are consistent with this use. The related compound indigo naturalis has shown clinical efficacy in psoriasis, but clinical data specifically for eczema are lacking.

Lecithin is used topically in cosmetic and dermatological formulations as an emollient and emulsifier for eczema and dry skin, with traditional and cosmetic-industry use documented. Clinical evidence from controlled human trials specifically for lecithin in eczema is absent; the use is based on its moisturizing and skin-barrier properties rather than controlled clinical evidence.

Macadamia nut oil is traditionally applied to soothe eczema patches, reduce itchiness, and repair the skin barrier. Its linoleic acid and palmitoleic acid content support barrier repair in eczema-prone skin. No peer-reviewed RCT using macadamia oil as a standalone treatment for diagnosed eczema has been identified.

Mangosteen rind and leaves have been used in traditional Southeast Asian medicine to treat eczema and pruritus. This use is documented in multiple ethnobotanical records. The anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties of xanthones are mechanistically relevant but no clinical trials for eczema have been conducted.

Momordica charantia is specifically listed in multiple ethnopharmacological reviews as a traditional remedy for eczema across Asian and African folk medicine. The anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties of its extracts provide biological plausibility. No human clinical evidence exists.

M. citrifolia is documented in traditional medicine across Asia and the Pacific Islands for skin diseases including eczema and inflammatory skin conditions. Pharmacological evidence for atopic dermatitis (a related condition) supports the anti-inflammatory skin rationale, though no clinical trials specific to eczema have been conducted.

Myrrh has been used topically for eczema in Western herbal traditions, with its astringent, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties providing the rationale. EBSCO Research Starters lists eczema as an 'other proposed use.' No clinical trials for eczema specifically exist.

Neem oil and leaf paste are traditional Ayurvedic treatments for eczema (atopic dermatitis), documented in the Indian Journal of Dermatology. The fatty acid content of neem oil (oleic, linoleic acids) acts as an emollient; antimicrobial compounds address secondary skin infections common in eczema. Human RCTs specific to eczema with neem as the sole intervention are absent.

Nettle has been used traditionally across multiple cultures for eczema and inflammatory skin conditions, as documented by the EMA assessment report on Urtica dioica folium. The anti-inflammatory and antihistamine properties of nettle flavonoids (via mast cell stabilization and cytokine suppression) provide a plausible pharmacological rationale. No clinical trials specifically targeting eczema as a primary endpoint have been identified.

P. amurense (Huang Bai) is historically and traditionally used in TCM and Kampo for eczema and 'damp-sores,' which correspond to eczema, weeping skin eruptions, and contact dermatitis. The traditional Chinese Pharmacopoeia explicitly lists eczema as an indication for Phellodendri Cortex. Phellodendrine's immunosuppressive properties and berberine's anti-inflammatory actions provide mechanistic support.

Plantago lanceolata and P. major are used in traditional European and Asian medicine for eczema. Commission E lists P. lanceolata for external skin inflammation. Anti-inflammatory flavonoids and aucubin are mechanistically relevant. Traditional application as leaf poultices or extracts to eczematous skin is documented.

Plantago major leaves are documented in traditional medicine worldwide for skin diseases including eczema and dermatitis. Anti-inflammatory and antiallergic compounds (plantamajoside, aucubin) that inhibit histamine and prostaglandin synthesis provide a mechanistic basis. Traditional use involves topical application of crushed leaves or leaf extracts to inflamed skin.

Ayurvedic texts and ethnobotanical records document P. marsupium's use for eczema and skin diseases, attributed to its astringent and anti-inflammatory properties. No controlled clinical trials for eczema exist.

Red clover has a well-documented tradition across European, North American, and Chinese herbal medicine as a remedy for eczema, applied both topically as an ointment and taken internally. Multiple authoritative monographs (drugs.com, MSKCC, ScienceDirect) confirm this traditional use. No clinical RCT evidence specifically for eczema has been identified.

Rehmannia is listed in traditional Chinese medicine for treating 'obdurate eczema' (dry skin type). It appears in the Restorative Medicine monograph and established TCM formularies as a remedy for atopic dermatitis and dry inflammatory skin conditions. Direct human clinical trial evidence for isolated rehmannia in eczema is not yet available.

Eczema is among the most consistently documented traditional uses for sarsaparilla, employed across South American indigenous medicine, TCM, and Caribbean herbalism. The endotoxin-binding and anti-inflammatory properties provide a plausible mechanistic basis. Animal studies confirm anti-inflammatory effects on inflammatory skin disease. No clinical trials for eczema have been conducted.

Eczema is one of the most consistently documented traditional indications for Scrophularia root across European, Middle Eastern, and Asian herbal traditions. Multiple species (S. nodosa, S. ningpoensis, S. striata) are noted in folk medicine across numerous countries for this use. In vitro anti-inflammatory and NF-κB inhibitory data support a plausible mechanistic basis, but no human clinical trials have specifically evaluated scrophularia root for eczema.

Topical application of sheep's sorrel as a wash or poultice for eczema and itchy skin conditions is a longstanding folk remedy. Multiple herbal sources document this external use. No clinical studies have tested this application.

TCM pharmacopoeias and classical texts document the topical use of Z. bungeanum decoction for eczema and itching skin conditions. Its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties provide mechanistic plausibility, but no clinical trial evidence exists.

Siler root appears in classical TCM formulas for eczema and atopic dermatitis as a wind-expelling, anti-itch constituent. The TCM formula Xiao-feng-San, which contains SD, is specifically used for allergic skin diseases including atopic dermatitis. Preclinical work with this formula has explored macrophage TRPV1 modulation. No isolated SD clinical trials for eczema exist.

Sarsaparilla root has traditional use for eczema across indigenous American, European, and Asian herbal systems, attributed to blood-purifying and anti-inflammatory properties. The endotoxin-binding hypothesis provides a plausible modern mechanistic rationale, and the anti-inflammatory flavonoids of Smilax species are pharmacologically relevant to eczematous conditions.

Traditional use of S. indicus for eczema is documented across Ayurveda, Siddha, and folk medicine. The anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties of the plant are mechanistically plausible for eczema, but no clinical trial has been conducted.

Stillingia has a documented traditional use for chronic skin conditions including eczema, treated through its role as a blood purifier and lymphatic alterative. Eclectic physicians and 19th-century herbalists applied it for obstinate skin eruptions. No clinical human evidence exists.

Eczema and skin diseases are explicitly listed among traditional treatment indications for A. calamus across multiple documented sources. Anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties provide mechanistic support. No clinical trials in eczema exist.

Topical oak bark preparations have traditional and Commission E-supported use for inflammatory skin conditions including eczema. The astringent tannins tighten weeping or inflamed skin tissue. Clinical trial evidence specific to white oak bark is absent, though the Commission E endorsement provides regulatory legitimacy.

Witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) has traditional use in North American and European herbal medicine as an astringent and anti-inflammatory agent for eczema and inflammatory dermatoses. The German Commission E approves topical witch hazel for inflammatory skin conditions. Limited clinical trial evidence for eczema specifically exists, and the evidence for direct eczema benefit is primarily traditional.

Yarrow is traditionally employed for eczema and related inflammatory skin conditions, supported by its documented anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and skin-soothing pharmacology. ESCOP approves external use for mild skin inflammation, which encompasses the eczematous spectrum. No human RCTs on eczema specifically have been published.