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raíz de regaliz

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Otros Nombres

AlcaçuzAthimaduramAtimadhuramBiyanlıqBlack sugarCam thaoChinese licoriceErregalizEuropean licoriceGam ChouGan CaoGlicirizaGlycyrrhiza glabraGlycyrrhiza glanduliferaGlycyrrhiza hirsutaGlycyrrhiza inflataGlycyrrhiza lepidotaGlycyrrhiza radixGlycyrrhiza uralensisGlycyrrhiza vulgarisGlycyrrhizae Radix et RhizomaGlykyrrhizaIrq as-susIrqu al-susJashtimadhuJeshthamadhJethi-MadhJethimadhuJyeshthamadhuKamchoKanzoLakridsLakritzeLakryčnikLicoriceLiquiritia officinalisLiquiritia officinarumLiquiriziaLiquoriceLiquorice rootMadhukaMadhuyashtiMadoodagMulethiMulhathiRadix GlycyrrhizaeRadix Glycyrrhizae PreparataRadix LiquiritiaeRegaléssiaRegalizRéglisseSheng Gan CaoSladnikSladuk korenSousSuccus LiquiritiaeSusSweet rootSweetrootSweetwoodWild licoriceYashthimadhuYashti-MadhukamYashtimadhuZhi Gan CaoZostimodhu

Sinopsis

Licorice Root (Glycyrrhiza glabra and Related Species)

1. Identity: Botanical Names, Natural Source, and Common Forms

Botanical and Chemical Identity

Licorice root belongs to Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn., a member of the Fabaceae (legume) family that has been recognized since ancient times for its ethnopharmacological values. The name derives directly from the plant's defining characteristic: the word liquorice essentially derives from Old Greek glykyrrhiza, where glykys means "sweet" and rhiza means "root."

While Glycyrrhiza glabra is the primary commercial species, two additional species — Glycyrrhiza uralensis (Chinese licorice) and Glycyrrhiza inflata — are also used medicinally and are recognized in pharmacopoeial standards. The concentration of glycyrrhizin varies from species to species, and the commercially used G. glabra, G. inflata, and G. uralensis species contain up to 2–25% (dry weight) of glycyrrhizin. Licorice is also spelled "liquorice" and is known as "Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma" (Chinese: 甘草, gan cao) in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.

Licorice has several names across languages, including sweetwood, licorice, liquorice radix, réglisse (French), Lakritzeholz (German), Gan Cao (Chinese), Meyan or Beyan (Turkish), and Solodka (Russian).

Plant Description

Licorice is a perennial plant growing about 1.5 m high. The wrinkled and woody rootstock is brown on the outside and yellow on the inside. The leaves are unequally branched in four to seven pairs, and the flowers are pale blue, violet, yellowish white, or purplish in color, arising from the axils of the leaves in racemes or spikes, followed by pods.

Common Preparations and Dosage Forms

The root is harvested from three- to five-year-old plants and is available in a wide range of preparations. Dosage forms include extractum (extract), tablets, capsules, injections, granules, and oral solutions. Two fundamentally distinct product categories exist in modern supplement use: regular licorice (containing glycyrrhizin) and deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL, with glycyrrhizin removed). To prevent the adverse mineralocorticoid effects of glycyrrhizin, manufacturers have found a way to remove it from licorice, producing the product known as deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL). Industrial uses of licorice include a sweetener in cigarettes, chewing tobacco, chocolate candy, smoking mixes, and chewing gum. In cosmetology, licorice is used as a depigmenting agent. Health products containing glycyrrhizinic acid include licorice tea, flavored diet gum, cough mixtures, throat pearls, and herbal cough mixtures.

2. Traditional and Historical Use

Ancient Civilizations

Licorice roots have been used worldwide as a medicine and flavor in industry for over 4,000 years. Medicinal uses of licorice are recorded in texts such as the Assyrian Herbal (2000 BC) and the Ebers Papyrus (1600 BC). Licorice root has a long history of use, going back to ancient Assyrian, Egyptian, Greek, Arab, Chinese, Tibetan, and Indian cultures. It was used in traditional medicine practices for coughing, asthma, and wound healing, as well as for diseases of the lungs, liver, and arteries.

Egyptians and Assyrians used licorice as a sweet liquid beverage, while in the battlefields and the desert, soldiers and travelers drank it to quench their thirst. The early Egyptians and Assyrians are known to have cultivated the "sweet root," which was later imported to China, where it has been used for centuries under the name "Gan Cao." It has also been described by ancient Greeks, including Hippocrates and Theophrastus, as well as by Romans.

Licorice was a prescriptive agent of Hippocrates in the treatment of asthma, dry cough, and other "pectoral diseases," and was also thought to be effective in preventing thirst.

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)

Licorice appears in approximately 60% of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions as an effective agent in the treatment of asthma, fatigue, dry cough, bronchitis, excessive phlegm, and for relieving drug toxicity. In traditional Chinese medicine, "nine out of ten formulae contain licorice"; it is considered one of the essential herbal medications. In Chinese traditional medicine, licorice (Gan Cao) remains one of the oldest and most commonly prescribed herbs and has been used in the treatment of numerous ailments ranging from tuberculosis to peptic ulcers.

General Traditional Indications Across Cultures

Licorice has held claim for therapeutic use for fevers, liver ailments, dyspepsia, gastric ulcers, sore throats, asthma, bronchitis, Addison's disease, and rheumatoid arthritis, and has been used as a laxative, antitussive, and expectorant. Licorice root has traditionally been used in herbal medicine to treat gastrointestinal problems such as gastritis and peptic ulcers. It is still commonly recommended for respiratory infections, coughs, and bronchitis. Additionally, it is applied topically to manage skin conditions like eczema and psoriasis, as well as enhance wound healing.

Traditional preparations included whole root decoctions, powders, and syrups. The German Commission E approves the use of licorice for catarrhal conditions of the upper respiratory tract, and the EMA recommends licorice as an expectorant for cough associated with the common cold.

3. Key Chemical Constituents and Active Compounds

Glycyrrhizin / Glycyrrhizic Acid

The main constituent of the roots is glycyrrhizin, a triterpenoid saponin that is almost 50 times sweeter than sucrose and is the primary active ingredient. Glycyrrhizin represents about 10% of the licorice root dry weight, being a mixture of potassium, calcium, and magnesium salts of glycyrrhizic acid that varies between 2% and 25%. Chemically, glycyrrhizin consists of one molecule of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid and two molecules of glucuronic acid.

After oral administration, glycyrrhizin is metabolized to 18-glycyrrhetic acid 3-monoglucuronide and glycyrrhetic acid by intestinal bacteria. The main active constituent of licorice is the prodrug glycyrrhizin, which is successively converted to 3β-monoglucuronyl-18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (3MGA) and 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) in the intestines.

Flavonoids and Other Polyphenols

Beyond glycyrrhizin, licorice root contains flavonoids (approximately 1%), mainly the flavanones liquiritin and liquiritigenin, chalcones isoliquiritin, isoliquiritigenin, and isoflavonoids (formononetin); amines (1–2%) including asparagine, betaine, and choline; amino acids; 3–15% glucose and sucrose; starch (2–30%); polysaccharides; sterols; coumarins; resin; and volatile oils (0.047%). The yellow color of licorice is due to its flavonoid content.

Identified licorice components span several natural product classes, including chalcones (licochalcone A, isoliquiritigenin, isoliquiritin), flavanones (liquiritin, liquiritigenin), saponins (glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhetinic acid), and isoflavonoids, as well as glabridin, glycycoumarin, licoricidin, and p-hydroxybenzylmalonic acid.

Licorice consists of up to 300 active compounds.

4. Mechanisms of Action

Inhibition of 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (11β-HSD2)

The most extensively characterized mechanism of licorice is the inhibition of the enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2). This enzyme is a NAD-dependent dehydrogenase mainly expressed in the kidney, intestine, salivary, and sweat glands. It can be inhibited by glycyrrhetinic acid, leading to functional mineralocorticoid excess due to unmetabolized cortisol at the level of classical target tissues of aldosterone.

Cortisol is normally decomposed by 11β-HSD2 in renal tubule cell cytoplasm into cortisone, which has a lower affinity for the mineralocorticoid receptor. Inhibition of 11β-HSD2 by glycyrrhizin metabolites results in a higher concentration of cortisol that binds to and stimulates the mineralocorticoid receptor.

Biochemical studies indicate that glycyrrhizinates inhibit 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (type 2), the enzyme responsible for inactivating cortisol through conversion to cortisone. As a result, continuous high-level exposure to glycyrrhizin compounds can produce hypermineralocorticoid-like effects in animals and humans. These effects are reversible upon withdrawal of licorice or glycyrrhizin.

Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms

Glycyrrhizin has anti-inflammatory effects not only by reducing plasma aldosterone but also by direct antagonistic effects at toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), which is a crucial trigger for innate immunity. Glycyrrhetic acid is a potent inhibitor of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) and performs a range of corticosteroid-like activities.

Estrogenic Activity

Other therapeutic uses of licorice are linked to its anti-androgen and estrogen-like activity, especially in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in conjunction with spironolactone therapy. The flavanone liquiritigenin, found in licorice root, has been characterized in molecular studies as a selective estrogen receptor β agonist, which is proposed as a mechanism underlying licorice's phytoestrogenic effects at the cellular level.

Antiviral Mechanisms

There are reports indicating antiviral activity of glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhizic acid, where the compounds inhibited growth and cytopathology of hepatitis A and C, and immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The precise antiviral mechanism remains under investigation.

5. Scientific Evidence by Area of Use

5.1 Gastrointestinal Health: Peptic Ulcer and H. pylori

As a result of licorice's extensive folk use for gastric irritation, multiple studies in the 1970s and 1980s explored the efficacy of licorice, glycyrrhizinated compounds, deglycyrrhizinated licorice, and carbenoxolone in gastric/peptic ulcers. These studies largely showed inconclusive results and efficacy lower than other pharmaceutical agents such as cimetidine.

More recent clinical research has focused on licorice as an adjunct to H. pylori eradication therapy. A randomized controlled study conducted in 120 Helicobacter pylori-positive patients observed a significant increase in negative seroconversions among those who received supplemental licorice (380 mg twice daily for 2 weeks) as an adjunct to H. pylori triple therapy (83%) compared to triple therapy alone (62.5%; P=0.018). This response rate was significant only in patients with peptic ulcer disease and not in those with non-ulcer dyspepsia.

A separate controlled study examined H. pylori-infected peptic ulcer patients divided into groups receiving licorice alongside standard therapy versus standard therapy alone. Healing of peptic ulcer was visible in 95% of the licorice group and 70% of the control group. The eradicative effect of licorice against H. pylori was 70% in the licorice group compared to 45% in the control group. These figures based on urease breath test results were 55% and 40% respectively.

Regarding deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL) specifically: a retrospective trial on the efficacy of deglycyrrhizinated licorice studied the effect of 760 mg DGL extract administered five times daily for 24 weeks to 36 patients with histories of chronic gastric ulcers. Healing of the ulceration was observed in all patients, and in the majority the mucosa appeared normal. No side effects of the treatment were reported by the authors. The overall evidence base for DGL and gastric ulcers is considered preliminary, with small sample sizes and methodological limitations. Evidence indicates that licorice in combination with other herbs provides relief from the symptoms of functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome; however, clinical trials of both licorice alone and in combination are limited, and further evaluation is required.

5.2 Respiratory Conditions: Cough and Sore Throat

People most often take licorice to suppress coughs, to soothe a sore throat, and to relieve stomach upset. Regulatory-level assessments support traditional use in the respiratory tract: the German Commission E approves the use of licorice for catarrhal conditions of the upper respiratory tract, and the EMA recommends licorice as an expectorant for cough associated with the common cold.

Clinical evidence for its use perioperatively was assessed in a meta-analysis: a meta-analysis of 5 randomized trials (609 patients) reported that topical licorice applied prior to endotracheal intubation prevented postoperative sore throats by 56% and cough by 39%. This evidence, while promising, is specific to a perioperative context. For general cough suppression and expectorant use, the evidence base relies primarily on traditional use and limited clinical data.

5.3 Liver Disease: Viral Hepatitis

Licorice and glycyrrhizate compounds have long been used in the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis in China and Japan, but the possible mechanism of anti-viral activity remains unknown.

Several human studies have investigated the effect of glycyrrhizin on chronic HCV infection, with outcomes exhibiting that glycyrrhizin is adequate to protect and treat chronic hepatitis C patients. A clinical trial examined the effect of glycyrrhizin on European patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)-RNA. Fifty-seven chronic hepatitis C patients were randomly assigned to one of four dosage groups: 80, 160, or 240 mg glycyrrhizin, or placebo. The 240 mg dose of glycyrrhizin given three times weekly did not affect HCV-RNA levels but did lower serum ALT during treatment, and was well tolerated and safe.

There are not enough data to determine whether licorice is effective for complications caused by hepatitis C. The available human evidence for intravenous glycyrrhizin in hepatitis is more developed than for oral preparations, and the overall evidence quality remains moderate; large, definitive randomized controlled trials are lacking.

5.4 Oral Health: Aphthous Ulcers (Canker Sores) and Antimicrobial Effects

Licorice mouth rinse or gargle might reduce ulcer size and pain in people with recurrent canker sores, while topical licorice might reduce ulcer size only. In one study, using a licorice extract in combination with a medicine to treat canker sores was more effective than using the medicine alone.

Recently, the use of licorice in the treatment and management of oral diseases has been recognized. Some research suggests that licorice extract may help kill bacteria in the mouth that cause tooth decay. Evidence for oral health uses comes primarily from small trials and in vitro studies; the strength of evidence is considered preliminary and not yet sufficient to draw definitive conclusions.

5.5 Menopausal Symptoms

Several small clinical trials have evaluated licorice for hot flashes. A double-blind controlled clinical trial examined the effects of licorice root on hot flashes in menopausal women. Ninety menopausal women were randomly divided into two groups: one receiving 3 capsules daily containing 330 mg licorice extract and the other receiving 3 capsules daily containing 330 mg starch (placebo) over 8 weeks of intervention and 4 weeks of follow-up. Data within and between the groups were analyzed by ANOVA with repeated measurements and t-test. The trial found effects on frequency and severity of hot flashes, but the sample size was small and the study had methodological limitations. Evidence in this area is preliminary and requires confirmation in larger, well-powered trials.

5.6 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are more likely to suffer from anovulatory infertility. Studies have shown the effectiveness of licorice on the regulation of sex hormones and quality of life, with inconsistent findings. A randomized double-blind controlled trial included 66 overweight or obese women with PCOS; participants were randomly divided into two groups, one receiving 1.5 g/day of licorice extract alongside a low-calorie diet and the other receiving placebo plus a low-calorie diet for 8 weeks. Other therapeutic uses of licorice are linked to its anti-androgen and estrogen-like activity, especially in PCOS in conjunction with spironolactone therapy. Evidence in this area consists of small trials with heterogeneous populations and inconsistent results; it remains preliminary.

5.7 Depression and Mental Health

A pilot study examined the adjunct use of Glycyrrhiza glabra in depression via its 11β-HSD2 inhibition mechanism. A demonstrated molecular mechanism is the inhibition of 11β-HSD2 in the periphery. This inhibition allows cortisol to reach the intracellular mineralocorticoid receptor, which is otherwise metabolized by the enzyme. The clinical evidence in this domain consists of a single small pilot study (Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2020) and is too preliminary to support conclusions about efficacy.

5.8 Inflammation and Immune Modulation

Many important research projects have established several beneficial effects for licorice as a medicinal herb, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, antiprotozoal, antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective properties. Most of this evidence comes from preclinical (animal and cell culture) studies; human clinical evidence for purely anti-inflammatory indications is limited. Some studies of licorice in people have been completed, but there is not enough high-quality evidence to clearly support its use for any health condition.

6. Body Systems and Health Areas Associated with Licorice Root

Based on the literature, licorice root has been associated with the following body systems and health areas:

Gastrointestinal system: Licorice root has a wide range of pharmacological effects, including multiple pharmacological effects on the digestive system. Traditional and modern use encompasses gastritis, peptic ulcer, dyspepsia, and irritable bowel syndrome.
Respiratory system: Cough suppression, expectorant action, sore throat, bronchitis, and asthma, supported by both traditional use and regulatory endorsements from the German Commission E and EMA.
Hepatic (liver) system: Glycyrrhizin is the major active constituent obtained from licorice roots and is one of the most widely used in herbal preparations for the treatment of liver complaints.
Endocrine and adrenal system: Licorice root has adrenocortical hormone-like effects. The inhibition of 11β-HSD2 influences cortisol metabolism, with implications for adrenal support and hormonal regulation.
Reproductive and hormonal system: Phytoestrogenic and anti-androgenic activities have been studied in the context of PCOS, menopause, and sex hormone regulation.
Cardiovascular system: Licorice root has multiple pharmacological effects on the cardiovascular system. Both therapeutic implications and safety concerns (hypertension, hypokalemia) are relevant to this system.
Immune system: Antiviral activity has been studied against hepatitis viruses and HIV, primarily at the preclinical level with some clinical data for hepatitis C.
Oral cavity: Antimicrobial activity against dental pathogens and use for aphthous ulcers (canker sores) have been studied clinically.
Skin: Cosmetic products utilize licorice root extract due to its anti-inflammatory and skin-soothing properties. Topical licorice has been studied for eczema and psoriasis.

7. Dosage Forms and Dosages Reported in Studies

Dosages vary considerably by indication, preparation type, and glycyrrhizin content. The following are dosages as reported in specific sources:

Licorice root has been used in daily doses from 760 mg to 15 g for ulcer, gastritis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
For licorice tincture (1:5 strength), the dose is 2 to 5 mL three times a day.
A standardized licorice extract dose of 250 to 300 mg three times a day (containing 20% glycyrrhizic acid) has been reported for asthma.
In the case of gastroesophageal reflux disease, two 380 mg tablets of deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL) taken before meals has been described.
For supportive treatment of ulcer pain alongside conventional medical care, the standard dose reported is two to four 380 mg tablets of DGL with meals and at bedtime.
In the H. pylori RCT (120 patients), supplemental licorice was given at 380 mg twice daily for 2 weeks as an adjunct to triple therapy.
In the menopausal hot flash trial (n = 90), the licorice group received 3 capsules daily containing 330 mg licorice extract for 8 weeks.
In a hepatitis C clinical trial, 57 patients were assigned to groups receiving 80, 160, or 240 mg glycyrrhizin or placebo; the 240 mg dose given three times weekly was the highest dose tested.
In a PCOS randomized double-blind trial (n = 66), participants received 1.5 g/day of licorice extract alongside a low-calorie diet for 8 weeks.
A typical dose of whole licorice is reported as 5 to 15 grams daily; however, experts recommend against using this high dose for more than a few weeks.

8. Safety Considerations and Drug Interactions

Pseudoaldosteronism and the Glycyrrhizin Toxicity Syndrome

The primary and most clinically significant safety concern with licorice root is the syndrome of pseudoaldosteronism (also called pseudohyperaldosteronism) caused by glycyrrhizin and its metabolites. Hypokalemia or pseudoaldosteronism (PsA) is one of the most frequent side effects of licorice intake. Glycyrrhizin metabolites inhibit type 2 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, which decomposes cortisol into inactive cortisone in the distal nephron, thereby inducing mineralocorticoid receptor activity.

The clinical presentation of PsA is similar to that of primary aldosteronism and is characterized by peripheral edema, hypertension, laboratory hypokalemia, and lower plasma renin activity, due to the excessive action of mineralocorticoid receptors. Chronic consumption leads to the development of hypertension, metabolic alkalosis, and hypokalemia.

Severe, and sometimes fatal, complications following ingestion of licorice can occur. In these cases, significant quantities of licorice have typically been consumed in the short- to medium-term. Reported complications include rhabdomyolysis, hypertensive encephalopathy, and cardiac arrest and death. In one case, long-term licorice use led to pseudoaldosteronism with intractable hypokalemia, the result being lethal polymorphic ventricular arrhythmias.

High dosage and long-term use of licorice are constitutional risk factors for PsA. Orally administered glycyrrhizin is effectively hydrolyzed to glycyrrhetinic acid by intestinal bacteria in constipated patients, which enhances the bioavailability of glycyrrhizin metabolites.

In most cases, hypertension and hypervolemia induced by licorice are reversible once intake is stopped.

Regulatory Status

Licorice and its derivatives are recognized as safe by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a food additive in certain concentrations; however, the FDA has issued warnings against its use in at-risk groups and in larger amounts.

Pregnancy

Consuming oral licorice extract in large amounts (about 250 grams of licorice per week) during pregnancy is unsafe and can increase the risk of delivery before a gestational age of 38 weeks. Licorice may have steroidal and estrogenic effects in pregnancy and may increase the risk of preterm delivery. High licorice consumption during pregnancy may stimulate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis function in the child; therefore, pregnant women should avoid licorice. Little is known about whether it is safe to use licorice while breastfeeding.

Drug Interactions

Caution is advised with antihypertensive drugs, warfarin, estrogen, paclitaxel, and cisplatin, as licorice may reduce their effectiveness. Concomitant use with corticosteroids may potentiate potassium depletion and increase levels and duration of activity of corticosteroids.

Digoxin: Licorice should be used with caution with digoxin (Lanoxin) because licorice can lower potassium levels in the body, and low potassium can lead to increased digoxin side effects including dizziness, headache, nausea, diarrhea, irregular heart rate and rhythm, and visual disturbances.

Warfarin: Licorice should not be used with warfarin (Coumadin) because it can accelerate the breakdown of warfarin and decrease its effectiveness, leading to an increased risk of clotting.

Antihypertensives: Licorice may decrease the effectiveness of antihypertensive (blood pressure–lowering) medications due to an increase in salt and water retention.

Diuretics: Licorice overuse may increase cardiac toxicity with digoxin and potentiate potassium loss with non-potassium-sparing diuretics.

Corticosteroids: Corticosteroid anti-inflammatory drugs have similar side effects to licorice. When licorice is taken together with corticosteroids, the likelihood of experiencing these side effects increases significantly.

Hormonal medications: Licorice should be used with caution in women taking birth control pills or other hormonal medications. Licorice may change hormone levels in the body and decrease the effectiveness of estrogen-containing medications.

Cytochrome P450 enzymes: Animal and in vitro studies have found licorice to inhibit CYP2B6, CYP2C19, and CYP2C8, induce CYP3A4, and produce inhibitory and inducing effects on CYP2C9 isoenzymes. These findings suggest the potential for broad interactions with drugs metabolized by these enzymes, though clinical confirmation in humans is limited.

MAO inhibitors: Some experts believe that licorice has some activity similar to a class of antidepressants called monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors and thus may intensify adverse effects of these medications.

Perioperative use: Licorice should be stopped 2 weeks before surgery to minimize effects on blood pressure.

Potassium-sparing agents: Conversely, potassium-sparing medications such as aldosterone blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and angiotensin receptor blockers prevent licorice-induced hypokalemia.

DGL as a Safer Alternative

DGL preserves licorice's beneficial flavonoids (glabridin, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin) and polysaccharides while removing the glycyrrhizin component. These retained compounds provide anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and mucosal-protective effects that support gastrointestinal health. Because the mineralocorticoid-active glycyrrhizin has been removed, DGL does not carry the same risk of hypertension and hypokalemia as whole licorice preparations.

References

Condiciones de Salud

Condiciones de salud que raíz de regaliz puede ayudar a apoyar.

DislocaciónCientífico
Licorice root is a component of Iberogast (STW-5), for which multiple RCTs demonstrate efficacy in reducing abdominal discomfort and IBS symptoms. It supports gut lining integrity, regulates acid levels, and has antispasmodic properties. A dried powdered mixture containing licorice root significantly improved IBS symptoms in constipation-predominant IBS.
AbrasionesCientífico
Deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL) from Glycyrrhiza glabra has been tested in randomized trials for GERD. A placebo-controlled RCT of GutGard (75 mg standardized Glycyrrhiza extract, BID, 30 days) showed significant reduction in heartburn and regurgitation. A 2025 RCT of a standardized DGL extract demonstrated clinically meaningful heartburn reduction from week 2. DGL stimulates esophageal and gastric mucus secretion. Traditional use in botanical and Ayurvedic medicine for gastric inflammation spans over 4,000 years.
AbscesosCientífico
Topical licorice extracts, particularly licochalcone A and glabridin, demonstrate anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anti-androgenic properties relevant to acne pathophysiology. A double-blind study using a 2% licorice gel reported improvement in mild-to-moderate facial acne versus placebo. Evidence also supports reduction of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) via tyrosinase inhibition. The overall body of clinical evidence remains limited and larger trials are needed.
DiverticulitisCientífico
Licorice root's active compound, glycyrrhizin, inhibits 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2), the enzyme that converts active cortisol to inactive cortisone, thereby extending cortisol availability. A published RCT in the European Journal of Endocrinology (Methlie et al., 2011) enrolled 17 Addison's disease patients and found that licorice significantly increased the area under the curve for serum cortisol versus placebo (P<0.05). The British Herbal Pharmacopoeia also lists licorice as indicated for primary adrenocortical insufficiency.
MareoCientífico
Licorice root's active compound glycyrrhizin inhibits the enzyme 11β-HSD2, which converts active cortisol to inactive cortisone, thereby extending cortisol availability in tissues. This mechanism is directly relevant to low-cortisol adrenal fatigue and has been investigated clinically in adrenal insufficiency. The VA Whole Health Library and integrative medicine sources identify it as a key adrenal-supportive herb.
Abuso y TraumaCientífico
Licorice root has documented traditional and emerging clinical use for respiratory allergic conditions including asthma and allergic rhinitis. Glycyrrhizin exerts corticosteroid-like and antihistaminic effects that may reduce airway inflammation. A clinical trial of nasal irrigation with licorice extract showed significantly better improvement in allergic rhinitis symptom scores than saline alone. Evidence from human trials is still preliminary and largely involves multi-herb TCM formulations.
HipocondríaCientífico
Multiple peer-reviewed studies characterize licorice root as having potent antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activity, attributed to glabridin, glycyrrhizin, and flavonoids. These compounds upregulate endogenous antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx) and reduce lipid peroxidation markers in animal and human cell studies. A PubMed review confirmed antioxidative properties as clinically corroborated.
EdemaCientífico
Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza species) and its active compound glycyrrhizin have documented anti-asthmatic effects including inhibition of leukotriene synthesis, NF-κB suppression, and mast cell stabilization. A clinical trial found a combination formula including licorice root, curcumin, and Boswellia improved asthma control in 63 patients. Licorice has traditional TCM and Ayurvedic use for respiratory conditions.
Contaminación ElectromagnéticaCientífico
Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza) contains glycyrrhizin and glabridin with immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties relevant to autoimmune disease. Intravenous glycyrrhizin is used clinically in Japan for autoimmune liver disease. Traditional Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine use licorice extensively in formulas for autoimmune inflammatory conditions.
Adicciones (azúcar o carbohidratos refinados)Científico
Licorice root contains licoricidin and licorisoflavan A, which have been demonstrated in published research to reduce bacterial VSC production relevant to halitosis. A study published in the Journal of Breath Research (Tanabe et al., 2012) confirmed that licoricidin and licorisoflavan A from licorice reduced VSC production by halitogenic bacteria. Glycyrrhizin and other licorice constituents also have antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens.
Sensibilidad EmocionalCientífico
Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) contains glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhizinic acid, compounds with demonstrated antiviral activity against HSV-1 and varicella zoster virus in preclinical studies. Since HSV-1 is the likely causative agent of Bell's palsy, licorice is cited by Life Extension's Bell's palsy protocol as an anti-herpes adjunct. A proposed 2021 RCT protocol specifically included licorice as one of three herbal adjuncts for Bell's palsy treatment.
AlcalosisCientífico
Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) has been used across traditional medical systems—including TCM, Ayurveda, and ancient Western herbalism—for respiratory conditions including bronchitis, cough, and asthma. Its principal constituent glycyrrhizin demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects, while saponins provide expectorant activity. A comprehensive 2021 MDPI/PubMed review confirmed its demulcent, expectorant, and anti-inflammatory properties relevant to obstructive respiratory diseases and COPD.
Enfermedad de AlzheimerCientífico
A double-blind RCT in 50 patients with second-degree burns found that a hydroalcoholic licorice root extract hydrogel significantly reduced inflammation, redness, pain, and burning sensation compared to placebo gel, with faster overall healing. Preclinical studies corroborate these findings through anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial mechanisms. This represents one of the more robustly trialed topical applications of licorice.
Fístula anal o fisuraCientífico
Licorice root extract demonstrates antifungal activity against Candida albicans in vitro and in preclinical animal models of gastrointestinal candidiasis. A 2022 murine study showed oral licorice root extract significantly reduced C. albicans fecal counts and GI colonization. Clinical human trials are lacking; evidence is currently preclinical.
AnemiaCientífico
Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) has been evaluated in a dedicated systematic review of clinical trials (PMC10541548; PubMed PMID 37786470) for recurrent aphthous stomatitis, finding that topical licorice significantly reduces healing time, pain, and inflammation zone size within 4–8 days of treatment. An RCT (n=70 patients) found licorice plus diphenhydramine solution healed aphthous ulcers faster than diphenhydramine alone. A double-blind RCT of a dissolving glycyrrhiza oral patch also demonstrated efficacy for RAS.
Virus de Epstein BarrCientífico
Licorice root's inhibition of 11β-HSD2 prolongs cortisol activity, and this mechanism has been proposed as a treatment rationale for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), where low adrenal cortisol levels are implicated. EBSCO Research Starters and authoritative herbal references cite CFS as a studied indication. Evidence is mechanistic and case/observational level rather than from large RCTs.
ApendicitisCientífico
Glycyrrhizin and its aglycone glycyrrhetinic acid inhibit NF-κB, COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-6 through corticosteroid-like mechanisms. Multiple in vitro, animal, and some clinical studies support anti-inflammatory activity. A PubMed review of clinical trial findings (Kalaivanan et al., 2020) characterized licorice's anti-inflammatory properties as clinically relevant. Licorice flavonoid extracts also modulate MAPK/NF-κB signaling in intestinal inflammation.
Disfunción EréctilCientífico
Glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid demonstrate direct antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus (HSV-1/2) in in vitro and animal studies. Human clinical studies of IV glycyrrhizin for herpes family viruses (including shingles/VZV and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus in hepatitis B patients) showed symptom improvement. Topical glycyrrhetinic acid preparations are used for herpes/cold sores in several European countries.
Ayudas Atléticas y para el EjercicioCientífico
Licorice root contains glabridin (tyrosinase inhibitor) and liquiritin (melanin dispersant), both with documented clinical efficacy in reducing hyperpigmentation. Multiple RCTs in a PMC systematic review (PMC5843359) confirm licorice extract's clinical efficacy against melasma and UV-induced pigmentation. It is listed as a supporting ingredient for periorbital hyperpigmentation by multiple authoritative dermatology sources.
Vista (deficiente)Científico
Topical licorice root preparations have clinical evidence in atopic dermatitis. A double-blind clinical trial in 60 patients found licorice extract gel (1% and 2%) significantly reduced erythema, edema, and itching scores. The active components glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid have anti-inflammatory and corticosteroid-mimicking mechanisms.
Parálisis de BellCientífico
NCCIH notes that topical licorice gels show preliminary evidence of benefit for atopic dermatitis symptoms. Clinical studies have found topical licorice cream comparable in efficacy to 1% hydrocortisone for mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis. Glycyrrhetinic acid slows degradation of endogenous skin steroids, amplifying local anti-inflammatory effects. Evidence is positive but still limited to small trials.
Vejiga (irritable)Científico
Several compounds in licorice root—including glabrene, glabridin, and isoliquiritigenin—exhibit phytoestrogenic activity by binding estrogen receptors. Glycyrrhizin has also been shown to modulate estrogen action. This dual estrogenic/anti-estrogenic profile supports effects on estrogen-dependent conditions including menopause and PMS. Evidence originates from in vitro and clinical studies on menopausal outcomes.
Enfermedad del Hígado GrasoCientífico
Deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL) has been studied in clinical trials for gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. It enhances gastric mucus production, promotes mucosal healing, and shows anti-H. pylori and anti-inflammatory activity. The ESCOP monograph lists licorice as an adjuvant therapy for gastric/duodenal ulcers and gastritis.
Bultos en el SenoCientífico
Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) and its active compound glycyrrhizin/glabridin have demonstrated antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties relevant to periodontal disease. A PMC review confirmed licorice as one of the two primary herbal ingredients reviewed for anti-periodontal properties in toothpastes and mouthwashes. A licorice-Triphala gum paint formulation showed clinical efficacy for periodontal disease.
Leche materna (secar)Científico
Licorice root extracts display prebiotic-like activity in vitro and in animal models, increasing beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii while reducing pathobionts. A 2022 murine study showed LRE modulated gut microbiota composition in the context of candidiasis and colonic inflammation. Flavonoid polyphenols in licorice are the likely drivers via selective fermentation.
Síndrome de FibromialgiaCientífico
Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) contains glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid, both with documented anti-HSV-1 and HSV-2 activity in vitro and in animal models. Aqueous G. glabra extract significantly reduced HSV-1 viral load in Vero cells in a time-dependent manner. Glycyrrhizin-based medicines are used clinically against herpesviruses in some countries, and topical licorice-based formulations appear in clinical reviews for genital HSV.
Cáncer (prevención)Científico
A double-blind placebo-controlled RCT in 90 menopausal women found that 330 mg licorice extract three times daily for 8 weeks significantly reduced both the frequency and severity of hot flashes compared to placebo. Phytoestrogenic compounds in licorice are the proposed mechanism. This is one of the strongest single-herb clinical trials for a menopausal symptom.
FibrosisCientífico
Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) supports the HPA axis through glycyrrhizin-mediated inhibition of 11β-HSD2, which slows conversion of active cortisol to inactive cortisone, prolonging cortisol bioavailability. This mechanism is relevant in low-cortisol states such as adrenal insufficiency. Long used in TCM and Ayurveda for adrenal support and fatigue.
Tratamiento del Cáncer (reducción de efectos secundarios)Científico
Licorice root extract contains glabridin (tyrosinase inhibitor, 16× potency of hydroquinone in vitro) and liquiritin (melanin dispersant), and has the strongest clinical evidence of any East Asian cosmeceutical ingredient for treating hyperpigmentation. It has been used traditionally in East Asian skin brightening.
Paro CardíacoCientífico
Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza spp.) is included in the 2014 BMC systematic review (8 RCTs, 762 women) as one of five herbal medicines with corroborating evidence for menstrual irregularity and PCOS. Its active compound glycyrrhizin inhibits 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 17,20-lyase, reducing androgen levels, a key mechanism for restoring cycle regularity in hyperandrogenic conditions.
Envenenamiento QuímicoCientífico
Glycyrrhizin (injectable form, Stronger Neo-Minophagen C) has been used clinically in Japan for over 30 years to treat chronic viral hepatitis, reducing liver enzyme levels. Preclinical evidence demonstrates licorice reduces ALT, AST, TNF-α, and oxidative stress markers in alcohol-induced and diabetes-related fatty liver models. NCCIH and LiverTox (NIH) acknowledge the hepatoprotective evidence base.
Quimioterapia (reducción de efectos secundarios)Científico
Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra/uralensis) has been used in TCM, Ayurveda, and European herbalism for respiratory and lung conditions for millennia. Glycyrrhizin and isoliquiritigenin inhibit lung inflammation in preclinical studies; flavonoid extracts suppress LPS-induced acute pulmonary inflammation in mice. It is listed in COPD herbal reviews.
CóleraCientífico
Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra and related species) contains glabridin and liquiritigenin, phytoestrogens that have demonstrated estrogenic activity via ERβ in cell assays. The Iranian systematic review of 19 herbal RCTs included licorice among herbs that alleviate menopausal hot flashes. Estrogenic licorice extracts are commonly included in botanical menopause formulas.
Manos y Pies FríosCientífico
Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza spp.) is a traditional TCM expectorant used for cough, sore throat, asthma, and bronchitis. Glycyrrhizin attenuates mucus hyperproduction and goblet cell hyperplasia in murine lung inflammation models. A 2018 study identified antitussive and expectorant activities in 14 major licorice compounds. An RCT in 36 chronic asthma patients showed licorice improved pulmonary function similarly to prednisolone.
GonorreaCientífico
Licorice root (Radix Glycyrrhizae) appears in 35.7% of Chinese herbal medicine formulae for MG in a 14-RCT systematic review. Buzhong Yiqi Decoction, which includes licorice as a core ingredient, has been shown in modern studies to regulate humoral immune function and inhibit anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody (AChR-Ab) production, directly targeting the primary MG autoantibody mechanism.
Cabello (pérdida o adelgazamiento)Científico
Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza species) has demonstrated androgen-lowering effects in clinical trials for PCOS-related hyperandrogenism. It is one of the six herbal medicines identified in a comprehensive herbal medicine review for PCOS with both mechanistic and corroborating clinical evidence.
Congestión (bronquial)Científico
The same phytoestrogenic mechanisms and clinical evidence supporting licorice for menopausal hot flashes apply to the perimenopausal transition. Authoritative reviews list menopause and its peri-phase as key indications for glycyrrhizin-containing licorice. A double-blind RCT in menopausal women demonstrated clinically significant reduction in vasomotor symptoms.
Congestión (sinusal)Científico
Authoritative sources note that clinical trials of licorice-containing herbal combinations showed benefit in dysmenorrhea and PMS. Licorice isoflavones may inhibit serotonin reuptake, potentially addressing mood-related PMS symptoms. Phytoestrogenic compounds may modulate the hormonal fluctuations underlying PMS.
ConjuntivitisCientífico
One of the most widely used herbs in TCM and Ayurveda, licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra/uralensis) is present in approximately 60% of classical TCM formulas including convalescence prescriptions. Its glycyrrhizin has documented antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties; it appears in peer-reviewed adaptogens literature for viral illness recovery.
Enfermedades ContagiosasCientífico
Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) has been given a 'positive' benefit-risk assessment for respiratory viral illness recovery in a systematic herbal medicine review (ScienceDirect, 2021). Its glycyrrhizin compound has documented antiviral activity against SARS-CoV and influenza, and it modulates adrenal function supporting post-viral fatigue and adrenal recovery. Traditional use in respiratory illness spans Ayurvedic, TCM, and European herbalism.
Dolor de cabeza (en racimos)Científico
A review of 11 clinical trials found that adding licorice extract to standard psoriasis treatment improved clinical course without increasing adverse effects. Topical glycyrrhetinic acid is recognized in authoritative references for psoriasis management. Evidence is predominantly from combination-therapy trials with methodological limitations.
CallosCientífico
Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza spp.) contains glycyrrhizin with well-documented anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic skin properties. A 2020 review confirmed antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and healing properties useful for skin inflammation relevant to hives. It is used in both TCM and Ayurveda for urticaria and is identified in a 2025 systematic review among key herbal urticaria remedies.
Pérdida AuditivaCientífico
Licochalcone A from licorice root significantly reduced facial erythema in an open-label study of 62 rosacea patients over 8 weeks. Combined with metronidazole, it was well-tolerated in 25 patients. Karger's 2026 rosacea review and a ResearchGate systematic review both identify licorice among botanicals with preclinical and clinical data in rosacea.
Tos (seca)Científico
Licorice root's antihistaminic properties and Th2 immunomodulation are directly relevant to seasonal allergic rhinitis. A 2025 clinical study of nasal irrigation with licorice extract demonstrated significant improvement in sneezing, itchiness, and rhinorrhea scores compared to saline in allergic rhinitis patients. Animal models confirm Th2 cytokine and IgE suppression.
Costra lácteaCientífico
Glabridin in licorice inhibits melanogenesis, has photoprotective effects, and protects against UV-induced pigmentation—all relevant to skin aging. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds reduce oxidative stress-driven dermal damage. Topical licorice formulations appear in anti-aging dermatology contexts with some clinical supporting evidence for brightening and pigmentation reduction.
Enfermedad de CushingCientífico
NCCIH confirms that licorice root gargle or lozenges can prevent or reduce sore throat severity, including post-intubation pharyngitis. A randomized double-blind trial published in Anesthesia & Analgesia (Ruetzler et al., 2013) found licorice gargle superior to sugar-water for preventing post-operative sore throat. Glycyrrhizin and related compounds provide anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties. Licorice has also been used in Ayurvedic and Chinese traditional medicine for centuries for sore throat and cough.
Fibrosis QuísticaCientífico
Licorice root inhibits 11β-HSD2, the enzyme that inactivates cortisol, thereby prolonging cortisol availability and supporting adrenal function under stress. This mechanism has been documented in the journal Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. Some clinical evidence shows licorice supports cortisol availability in adrenal insufficiency. Licorice is categorized as an adaptogenic herb in herbal medicine.
HerpesCientífico
Licorice root (containing glycyrrhizin and related compounds) has clinical evidence as a throat gargle reducing post-surgical oropharyngeal pain and post-intubation sore throat. Traditional medicine worldwide uses it for throat inflammation including tonsillitis. Naturopathic practitioners specifically cite it for tonsillitis immune support. Antibacterial activity against respiratory pathogens is documented in vitro.
Hernia HiatalCientífico
Licorice root, particularly deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL), has been studied in multiple clinical trials for gastric and duodenal ulcer healing. Mechanisms include inhibiting acid secretion, stimulating mucus production, and anti-H. pylori activity. A 2025 systematic review and meta-analysis confirmed clinical improvement in peptic ulcer symptoms with radiographic/endoscopic evidence of healing.
Sarpullido por pañalCientífico
Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra/uralensis) contains glycyrrhizin and glabridin with documented antiviral activity against SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, influenza, HSV, HIV, HCV, and HBV. It has been used in TCM and Western herbal medicine for respiratory viral conditions for thousands of years. Glycyrrhizin intravenous preparations were used clinically during SARS.
DifteriaCientífico
Clinical and preclinical evidence demonstrates that topical licorice root extract accelerates wound healing through anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and pro-regenerative mechanisms. The same double-blind RCT showing burn healing benefit also encompasses general wound healing outcomes, and animal studies confirm enhanced re-epithelialization and angiogenesis.
DisenteríaTradicional
Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) is cited in Persian traditional medicine (Avicenna/Ibn Sina's Canon) as a treatment for anal fissures, and is included in multiple evidence-based herbal databases for anal fissure and fistula support. Glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid exhibit anti-inflammatory, wound-healing, and demulcent properties relevant to anorectal mucosal healing.
EccemaTradicional
Licorice root has a traditional application in arthritis management within Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine, supported by its well-characterized anti-inflammatory and corticosteroid-like mechanisms. Glycyrrhetinic acid's inhibition of inflammatory pathways (COX, NF-κB, TNF-α) provides a plausible pharmacological rationale. Dedicated clinical trials specifically for arthritis endpoints are absent in the published literature.
EndometriosisTradicional
Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) is documented by NCCIH and multiple traditional medicine authorities for cough and respiratory inflammation including bronchitis. German Commission E and ESCOP recognize licorice for catarrh of the upper respiratory tract. Its glycyrrhizin, flavonoids, and isoflavones provide anti-inflammatory, demulcent, and expectorant effects.
ArritmiaTradicional
Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra/G. uralensis) is used in traditional medicine systems worldwide for sore throat, cough, and respiratory infections associated with cold and flu. Commission E approves licorice root for catarrhs of the upper respiratory tract. Glycyrrhizin has documented antiviral activity against influenza and other respiratory viruses. EBSCO lists licorice root as a proposed natural treatment for cold and flu.
EjercicioTradicional
Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra/uralensis) is used in colon-cleanse formulations for its demulcent, anti-inflammatory, and mild laxative properties that soothe the intestinal lining and support bowel function. German Commission E and EMA recognize licorice for gastrointestinal complaints. In Traditional Chinese Medicine, it is a key harmonizing herb in bowel-cleansing formulas.
Problemas OcularesTradicional
Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza spp.) is one of the eight most frequently used herbs in clinical TCM trials for both stable COPD and acute COPD exacerbations, per a systematic review of 176 TCM clinical trials. It is a demulcent expectorant used in Western herbalism for dry, irritable cough and asthma. Glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhizinic acid have documented anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties.
PulgasTradicional
Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) has been used in traditional Ayurvedic, Chinese, and European herbal medicine for IBS, particularly for gut inflammation, spasm, and IBS-C. DGL (deglycyrrhizinated licorice) is used clinically as a mucoprotective agent. A clinical study showed significant IBS symptom improvement when combined with slippery elm. Iberogast, a multi-herb formula with RCT evidence in IBS, contains licorice root.
FlotadoresTradicional
Licorice root has traditional use in multiple medical systems including TCM, Ayurveda, and European herbal medicine for inflammatory GI conditions. Its active constituents glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid have anti-inflammatory and mucosal protective effects. Some clinical evidence supports its use in GI inflammatory conditions.
Resfriados (prevención)Tradicional
Licorice root has a long traditional use as a digestive carminative and for gastric upset in Chinese, Ayurvedic, and Middle Eastern medicine. Its demulcent and anti-spasmodic properties are proposed to relieve nausea. Direct clinical evidence specifically for nausea and vomiting as primary endpoints is lacking; most gastric evidence relates to ulcers and GERD rather than nausea specifically.
Cuidado del cabello (general)Tradicional
Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) appears in multiple authoritative herbal pertussis protocols as a demulcent, expectorant, anti-inflammatory, and antispasmodic agent for whooping cough. It is cited in Aviva Romm's pertussis herbal syrup formula, Dr. Christopher Hobbs's soothing herbs list for pertussis, and The Wild Pharma's whooping cough herbal guide. The German Commission E approved licorice root for upper respiratory catarrh.
ResacaTradicional
Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra/uralensis) has been used in traditional Chinese, Ayurvedic, and European herbal medicine as an expectorant, anti-inflammatory, and respiratory demulcent for coughs, bronchitis, and lung infections including pneumonia. Glycyrrhizin has demonstrated antiviral properties against SARS-CoV and influenza. It is universally present in TCM pneumonia formulas.
HemocromatosisTradicional
Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) has been used in TCM and Ayurvedic medicine for respiratory infections and sinus conditions. Glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid have anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and expectorant properties. Direct clinical trials for sinusitis are lacking; evidence is traditional and mechanistic.
DefensividadTradicional
Licorice root has Commission E approval for catarrhs of the upper respiratory tract and bronchitis. Used for millennia in TCM, Ayurveda, and European medicine for sore throat, cough, and bronchitis, its active glycyrrhizin has antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties, and it serves as a demulcent and expectorant in respiratory formulas.

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