Elecampane (Inula helenium) has a long history of traditional use as an herbal remedy for respiratory complaints. In European folk medicine, it has been valued for centuries for its expectorant and soothing effects on the lungs, particularly in cases of coughs, bronchitis, and asthma. The root contains compounds such as inulin, alantolactone, and isoalantolactone, which are believed to contribute to its expectorant and antimicrobial properties. Traditional herbalists have used decoctions and syrups made from elecampane root to help loosen phlegm and ease productive coughs.

Modern scientific studies on elecampane are limited, with the majority of evidence coming from in vitro or animal studies rather than robust clinical trials in humans. Some laboratory research suggests that elecampane's constituents may have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects, which could theoretically support respiratory health. However, there is currently insufficient clinical evidence to fully validate its effectiveness for lung health by modern scientific standards.

In summary, elecampane's use to support the lungs is primarily justified by tradition and historical use, with modest supporting data from laboratory research. It remains a respected herb in traditional herbalism but lacks strong scientific validation from human studies.