Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Coptis chinensis (Chinese goldthread) has a long history of use in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for the treatment of oral and dental diseases, including gingivitis. The primary active compound, berberine, has been extensively studied for its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Contemporary scientific research supports its use in managing gingivitis: multiple in vitro and animal studies have shown that extracts from Coptis chinensis or its berberine component can inhibit the growth of key oral pathogens involved in gingivitis, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus mutans. Berberine has also been demonstrated to reduce the production of inflammatory mediators (like TNF-α and IL-6) in oral tissues, and to decrease periodontal tissue destruction in experimental models.

Several small clinical trials have evaluated mouthwashes or gels containing Coptis chinensis extracts or berberine in patients with gingivitis or periodontitis. These studies generally report reductions in gingival inflammation, bleeding, and plaque indices compared to placebo or standard treatments, although most trials are limited by small sample sizes and short durations. Systematic reviews conclude that while preliminary evidence is promising, larger and longer-term human trials are needed to confirm efficacy and safety. Overall, the use of Coptis chinensis for gingivitis is supported by both traditional use and a moderate but growing body of scientific evidence, primarily due to its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory actions.

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