Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) has been used in traditional medicine for various endocrine and inflammatory disorders. Scientific interest in its use for Cushing’s Disease is based on its bioactive compound, glycyrrhizin, which inhibits the enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2). This enzyme converts active cortisol to its inactive form, cortisone. By inhibiting 11β-HSD2, glycyrrhizin increases local cortisol activity in certain tissues. However, in the context of Cushing’s Disease—a condition characterized by excess cortisol—this mechanism may seem counterintuitive. Some studies suggest that glycyrrhizin might help modulate cortisol metabolism and counteract some symptoms, such as hypokalemia, by affecting mineralocorticoid receptors. There is limited preclinical and anecdotal evidence suggesting a potential benefit in modulating cortisol-related symptoms, but no robust clinical trials support licorice root as an effective treatment for Cushing’s Disease. Most scientific literature cautions against its use due to the risk of exacerbating hypertension and hypokalemia, both of which are already concerns in Cushing’s patients. In summary, while there is a biochemical rationale and limited scientific discussion regarding licorice root and cortisol metabolism, the evidence for its therapeutic use in Cushing's Disease is weak, and there are significant safety concerns.

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