Synopsis

Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 2

Paw paw (Carica papaya), particularly the fruit’s pulp and leaves, has been used in traditional medicine in various cultures, especially in parts of Africa, the Caribbean, and Australia, to manage bites and stings from insects and sometimes even marine animals. Traditional healers often apply mashed paw paw fruit or poultices made from the leaves directly to affected skin areas. The primary rationale is the presence of the enzyme papain, which is thought to help break down toxins, reduce inflammation, and promote healing.

However, scientific validation for these uses is limited. Some laboratory studies suggest that papain and other enzymes in paw paw may have mild anti-inflammatory and proteolytic (protein-breaking) effects, which could, in theory, reduce swelling and pain from bites and stings. There are also anecdotal reports describing relief of symptoms like itching and minor pain. Nonetheless, clinical studies in humans are lacking, and established medical guidelines do not recommend paw paw as a standard treatment for bites and stings.

Therefore, while the use of paw paw for this purpose is primarily supported by tradition, and there is a plausible biological mechanism, scientific evidence remains weak. The traditional use rating is set at 2, reflecting historical use with limited scientific corroboration.

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