Evidence supporting the use of: Malic acid
For the body system: Muscles

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Malic acid is a naturally occurring organic compound found in many fruits and vegetables, particularly apples. It is involved in the Krebs cycle, a critical energy-producing process in the body. There is some scientific interest in malic acid for muscle support, primarily relating to its potential to reduce muscle fatigue and pain, especially in conditions like fibromyalgia. A few small studies and clinical trials have explored the combination of malic acid with magnesium supplementation, with some reporting modest reductions in muscle pain and tenderness. The hypothesized mechanism is that malic acid may enhance mitochondrial function and energy production in muscle cells, thus improving muscle endurance and reducing pain associated with overexertion or chronic conditions.

However, the evidence base is limited and not robust. Most studies are small, short-term, or lack rigorous controls. There is insufficient evidence to support widespread use of malic acid as a stand-alone supplement for muscle health in the general population. Its use is not commonly rooted in traditional medicine but rather in modern nutritional science and clinical experimentation. While malic acid is safe as a food additive and naturally consumed in the diet, the direct benefits for muscle system support remain inconclusive, warranting further research. Therefore, while there is a scientific rationale for its use, the strength of evidence is moderate to low.

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amino acids
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branched-chain amino acids
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l-alanyl-l-glutamine
l-arginine
l-carnitine
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l-citrulline
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l-glycine
l-leucine
l-ornithine
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l-taurine
l-threonine
l-valine
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milk
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specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs)
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spirulina
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vitamin B
vitamin C
vitamin D
vitamin D3
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salt
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Other body systems supported by malic acid

Liver
Mitochondria
Muscles