Evidence supporting the use of: Fennel
For the health condition: Dysmenorrhea

Links: Go back one page, Tool main page, Ingredients list, Health conditions list, Body systems list

Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) has a history of use in traditional medicine for various female reproductive complaints, including dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation). In recent years, several scientific studies have investigated its efficacy for this condition. The primary mechanism attributed to fennel is its content of anethole, a compound with antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory properties. These properties are believed to help relax uterine muscles and reduce the production of painful prostaglandins during menstruation.

Clinical trials, particularly those conducted in Iran and published in peer-reviewed journals, have shown that fennel extracts or capsules can significantly reduce the severity of menstrual pain compared to placebo. Some studies have found fennel to be as effective as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like mefenamic acid, though the number and size of trials remain limited. Reported side effects are generally mild and infrequent.

Despite these promising findings, the overall evidence base is still developing, with most studies being small, short-term, and conducted in specific populations. Systematic reviews suggest fennel is a potentially effective and safe herbal remedy for primary dysmenorrhea, but call for larger, high-quality randomized controlled trials to confirm its efficacy and safety for broader populations. In summary, fennel’s use for dysmenorrhea is supported by both traditional practice and emerging scientific evidence, justifying a moderate evidence rating.

More about fennel
More about Dysmenorrhea