Evidence supporting the use of: Medium chain triglycerides (MCT)
For the health condition: Wasting

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) have a scientifically supported role in the nutritional management of wasting syndromes—such as those seen in malnutrition, cancer cachexia, HIV/AIDS, and certain gastrointestinal disorders. MCTs are unique fats that are more readily absorbed and metabolized compared to long-chain triglycerides (LCTs) because they do not require bile salts for digestion and are transported directly to the liver via the portal vein. This makes them especially valuable in patients with malabsorption, compromised digestion, or increased metabolic demands, all of which are common in wasting conditions. Clinical studies and nutritional guidelines indicate that MCT supplementation can improve energy intake and sometimes weight gain in these populations, particularly when standard fat absorption is impaired (e.g., in pancreatic insufficiency or short bowel syndrome). However, while MCTs can help maintain or increase caloric intake, the evidence for their effect on muscle mass or overall clinical outcomes in wasting is moderate. The most robust benefit is seen in improving fat and caloric absorption rather than directly reversing muscle loss. Their use is recognized and recommended in clinical nutrition protocols for certain indications, but not all studies demonstrate significant improvements in functional status or survival. Overall, MCTs are a validated adjunct in the dietary support of patients with wasting, especially when fat malabsorption is present.

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