Evidence supporting the use of: Trace minerals
For the body system: Thyroid Gland

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Trace minerals play a scientifically validated role in supporting the thyroid gland, primarily through their involvement in thyroid hormone synthesis and metabolism. The two most critical trace minerals for thyroid function are iodine and selenium. Iodine is an essential component of thyroid hormones (thyroxine/T4 and triiodothyronine/T3), and its deficiency is a well-established cause of hypothyroidism and goiter. Public health measures, such as iodized salt, have been implemented globally to prevent iodine deficiency disorders. Selenium is another vital trace mineral, as it is required for the activity of enzymes called deiodinases, which convert T4 into the more active T3 form. Selenium also plays a role in protecting the thyroid gland from oxidative damage due to the high production of reactive oxygen species during hormone synthesis.

Other trace minerals, such as zinc, iron, and copper, are also involved to a lesser extent. Zinc is necessary for the synthesis of thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH) in the hypothalamus and for the conversion of T4 to T3. Iron is required for the activity of thyroid peroxidase, an enzyme involved in hormone synthesis. While deficiencies in these trace minerals can impair thyroid function, there is limited evidence that supplementation beyond correcting a deficiency offers additional benefit. The role of trace minerals in thyroid health is well-documented in scientific literature, and their use is justified by robust clinical and biochemical evidence.

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