Trace minerals, such as zinc, selenium, iron, copper, and manganese, play key roles in supporting the immune system, which includes the thymus gland—a central organ in T-cell development and adaptive immunity. Scientific evidence shows that deficiencies in specific trace minerals, especially zinc and selenium, can impair thymic structure and function, leading to reduced thymic hormone output and compromised T-cell maturation. For example, zinc is essential for thymulin, a thymic hormone involved in T-cell differentiation. Zinc deficiency has been shown in both animal and human studies to cause thymic atrophy and decreased immune function. Similarly, selenium supports antioxidant defense in the thymus and helps maintain immune cell viability.

However, the evidence is stronger for individual trace minerals than for broad “trace mineral” supplementation, as the impact can depend on which minerals are provided and in what amounts. Supplementation is most effective in cases of deficiency; in well-nourished individuals, excess supplementation does not enhance thymus function and may even be harmful. Overall, while there is scientific validation for the necessity of specific trace minerals for thymic health, the practice of using generalized trace mineral supplements for thymus support is only moderately supported by evidence.

References: Prasad AS. Zinc in human health: effect of zinc on immune cells. Mol Med. 2008; Arthur JR. The role of selenium in thyroid hormone metabolism and effects of selenium deficiency on the immune system. Br Med Bull. 1993.