Menthol oil, derived from mint plants such as Mentha arvensis or Mentha piperita, has a long history of topical use for muscle discomfort. Scientifically, menthol is recognized for its ability to produce a cooling sensation by activating the TRPM8 receptors on the skin, which are cold-sensitive ion channels. This cooling effect can temporarily override pain signals and reduce the perception of discomfort, a phenomenon known as “counterirritation.” Several studies have investigated menthol-containing topical preparations and found that they can modestly reduce muscle pain and improve perceived recovery in athletes and individuals with muscle soreness.

For example, randomized controlled trials have shown that topical menthol preparations can reduce symptoms in delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and mild muscle strains, with effects comparable to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in some cases. Menthol may also contribute to improved range of motion and a subjective sense of relief. However, it is important to note that while the evidence supports short-term symptomatic relief, menthol does not address underlying muscle injury or inflammation directly.

Overall, menthol oil’s use for supporting the muscular system is supported by both tradition and a moderate level of scientific evidence, mainly for its analgesic and cooling properties when applied topically. The quality of evidence is moderate (rating: 3/5), and menthol is widely included in over-the-counter muscle rubs and sports balms.