Ligusticum wallichii (commonly known as Chuanxiong or Szechuan lovage) has a long-standing history in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), where it is used to address various types of headaches, including migraine. In TCM, Chuanxiong is believed to promote blood circulation, dispel wind, and alleviate pain, making it a common ingredient in formulas designed to treat headache disorders. Classical TCM texts and modern pharmacopeias list it as a principal herb for headache and migraine management, particularly when symptoms are attributed to "blood stasis" or "wind-cold" invasion.

Scientific evidence supporting its efficacy for migraine is limited. Some experimental studies suggest that extracts and active compounds from Ligusticum wallichii (notably ligustilide, ferulic acid, and others) may have vasodilatory, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects, which could theoretically benefit migraine sufferers. However, robust clinical trials in humans are lacking; most available data come from animal models or small, low-quality clinical studies. As such, while the herb’s traditional use for migraine is well established, scientific validation remains preliminary and insufficient to support widespread recommendation outside traditional contexts.

In summary, the use of Ligusticum wallichii for migraine is primarily justified by traditional use, with limited scientific support. Individuals considering its use should consult with healthcare professionals, especially due to potential herb-drug interactions and contraindications.