Evidence supporting the use of: Vitamin B12
For the health condition: Memory and Brain Function

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Vitamin B12 is scientifically recognized as essential for proper neurological function, and its deficiency is well-documented to cause cognitive impairments, including memory loss, confusion, and, in severe cases, irreversible neurological damage. Several clinical studies have shown that individuals with low levels of vitamin B12, especially older adults, are at increased risk for cognitive decline and memory problems. Supplementation in deficient individuals can reverse or improve these symptoms. For example, research published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition and Neurology has demonstrated that correcting B12 deficiency can slow cognitive decline in some patients. However, for individuals with normal B12 levels, there is limited evidence that supplementation provides significant memory or brain function benefits. Large-scale reviews and meta-analyses suggest that while B12 is vital for brain health, extra supplementation does not enhance cognition in people who are not deficient.

Historically, the link between B12 and brain function has been recognized since the discovery of pernicious anemia and its neurological consequences in the early 20th century. Today, B12 supplementation is a standard treatment for deficiency-related cognitive symptoms. In summary, vitamin B12 is scientifically validated as crucial for preventing and treating cognitive problems in deficient individuals, but there is insufficient evidence to recommend its use for memory enhancement in the general, non-deficient population.

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Other ingredients used for Memory and Brain Function

2'-Fucosyllactose
Acai berry
Acetyl L-carnitine
algal oil
alpha-pinene
amino acids
anchovies
anthocyanins
ashwagandha
asparagus
astaxanthin
Waterhyssop
beet
berry flavor
beta caryophyllene
Bifidobacterium longum
bilberry
black currant
black garlic
sesame
black tea
blackberry
blueberry
Indian frankincense
broccoli
caprylic acid
catechins
caterpillar mushroom
chaga mushroom
Chinese salvia root
choline
cinnamon
citicoline
coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)
coffee fruit
cordyceps
creatine monohydrate
turmeric
curcumin
d-alpha tocopherol
DHA (docosahexaenoic acid)
diallyl disulfide (DADS)
DPA (docosapentaenoic acid)
eleuthero
EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid)
epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)
fisetin
fish protein
folate
fruit and vegetable blend (proprietary)
fruit blend (proprietary)
ginkgo biloba
glycerophosphocholine (GPC)
gooseberry
gotu kola
grape
green tea
guarana
guayusa
hesperetin
huperzine A
inositol
jujube
kale
krill oil
kudzu
l-5-methyltetrahydrofolate glucosamine salt (5-MTHF)
l-carnitine
L-carnosine
L-serine
L-taurine
L-theanine
l-tyrosine
Lactobacillus reuteri
lecithin
lion's mane
lutein
luteolin
maca
Marine lipid
Matcha
medium chain triglycerides (MCT)
Moringa
Muira puama
Acetyl-L-Tyrosine
Naringin
Niacin (vitamin B3)
Niacinamide (vitamin B3)
nicotinamide riboside
oat
oleic acid
olive
omega-3 fatty acids
ophiopogon root
perilla
phosphatidylcholine
phosphatidylserine
phospholipids
phytocannabinoids
pine bark
pollen
polygala root
pomegranate
pregnenolone
prolyl endopeptidase (PEP)
pumpkin
pyrroloquinoline disodium salt
quail egg
quercetin
reishi mushroom
resveratrol
Rhodiola
rutin
saffron
SAMe (S-adenosyl-L-methionine disulfate p-toluensulfate)
selenium
black ginger
specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs)
spinach
spirulina
strawberry
sulforaphane glucosinolate
Threonic acid
tocotrienols
Trans-pterostilbene
Almond fruit
ubiquinol
Urolithin A
vegetable and fruit blend (proprietary)
velvet bean
Vinpocetine
vitamin B12
vitamin B6
vitamin C
vitamin D
vitamin D3
vitamin E
seaweed
Mulberry
Zinc
β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN)
suma
jiaogulan
Tinospora cordifolia
lingzhi
Morus
root tuber
ferulic acid
chrysanthemum
cistanche
lotus seed
royal jelly
terpene lactones
purslane
Yerba mate
biota seed
goji berry
Algae
cocoa
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)
ashitaba
1,3,7-Trimethylpurine-2,6-dione
3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid
5-methyltetrahydrofolate glucosamine
7,8-Dihydroxyflavone
arachidonic acid
apigenin
Aronia melanocarpa
anserine
Alpha glyceryl
andrographolide
avocado
Agmatine
Acetylcholine
amentoflavone
Agarwood
Acacetin
alpha-lipoic acid
anthocyanidins
ampelopsin
Acer truncatum
aniracetam
anthocyanosides
black seed
bilobalide
butylphthalide
beta-hydroxybutyrate
breadnut
Blepharis
Beef liver
baccosides
Bacopin
baicalein
Basidiomycota
Boswellia
brahmi
Bacopa
Blue-Green Alage
Bifidobacteria
bacoside
baicalin
bird\'s nest
centrophenoxine
Camellia sinensis
Centella triterpenes
Chinese mountain ant
cyanobacteria
Carnosine
catalpol
chebulic acid
cod liver oil
Codonopsis
cyanidin
cruciferous
Centella asiatica
cinnamic acid
chocolate
Chinese Ligustrum berry
creatine
catuaba
Convolvulus prostratus
crocetin
Convolvulus pluricaulis
Celastrus
cytidine
cola nut
Canscora
currant
carnosic acid
docosahexaenoic Acid
danshen
Dendrobium
decursin
decursinol
dibenzo-alpha pyrones
date
epicatechin
egg
ergothioneine
elk antler
emblicanin
eicosapentaenoic acid
Eucommia ulmoides
enokitake
folic acid
fucosterol
fo-ti
fish
flavanones
flavoglycosides
flavans
frankincense
flavanols
Flammulina velutipes
flavones
gallic acid
Ginsenosides
garcinol
ginkgetin
galantamine
Gypenoside
glucose
Glutamate
ginkgolides
Glycosphingolipids
galangin
ginkgo flavone glycoside
Ginkgoside
Guaranine
Glycine
ginkgoheteroside
Glucoraphanin
gastrodin
Honokiol
Hericenones
hazelnut
hydroxytyrosol
hericium mushroom
Homotaurine
isoliquiritigenin
Idebenone
isovitexin
icariin
Jatamansi
Kaempferol
Lycium
lemon balm
longan
lysophosphatidylcholine
linalool
Methylcobalamin
mangiferin
Myricetin
Monounsaturated fat
Methylxanthine
Marine fat
Mate
Methoxylated flavones
magnolol
NADH
Naringenin
Nardostachys
Nobiletin
Nervonic acid
oolong tea
Osthole
Phosphocreatine
Puerain
pyrroloquinoline quinone
Piperine
Puerarin
paraxanthine
Plankton
polysaccharides
Polydatin
polyunsaturated fat
Pleurotus eryngii
Phthalides
Periwinkle
punicalagins
paeoniflorin
Pycnogenol
Polygonum
Polygala
rosmarinic acid
Rehmannia
Rubiaceae
robusta coffee
Schizochytrium Oil
Soy
Schizochytrium
Sulbutiamine
Salmon Oil
Salidroside
Sialic acid
Shankhpushpi
Salvianolic acid
Schisandrins
Schizandrol A
Shilajit
Safranal
Sarcosine
Stilbenoid
Sulforaphane
Terminalia
Tumerone
Trichilia catigua
Taxillus chinensis
Tanshinone
Trichopus zeylanicus
Taurine
Turmerones
Triacetyluridine
Tiger Nut
Tremella
Uncaria
Uridine
Vincamine
Vitexin
Withanolides
Wogonin
Walnut
Xanthine
Xanthohumol
Xanthophyll
Xylaria nigripes
Xanthone
Yuzu
Yumberry
Yohimbine

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