Evidence supporting the use of: Fish oil
For the health condition: Lupus

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Fish oil, rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) like EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), has been investigated for its potential benefits in autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The rationale for its use stems from the known anti-inflammatory properties of omega-3 PUFAs, which can modulate immune responses and reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines implicated in lupus pathogenesis.

Several small-scale clinical trials and animal studies have explored fish oil supplementation in lupus patients. Results have been mixed but generally suggest that fish oil may help reduce disease activity, lower triglyceride levels (a common concern in SLE patients), and improve endothelial function. For example, a 2015 meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials found that fish oil supplementation was associated with modest reductions in SLE disease activity and improvements in some laboratory markers of inflammation. However, the number of studies is limited, sample sizes are small, and not all trials have shown statistically significant clinical improvements.

Current clinical guidelines do not universally recommend fish oil as a primary therapy for lupus, but it is sometimes suggested as an adjunct to standard treatment, particularly for cardiovascular protection. Adverse effects are generally mild and include gastrointestinal upset and fishy aftertaste. In summary, while there is scientific interest and some supportive evidence for fish oil in lupus, the overall strength of evidence is low to moderate, warranting a rating of 2 out of 5.

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