Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Willow (Salix spp.), particularly white willow bark, has been used for centuries in traditional medicine to treat pain, including headaches. The key active compound in willow bark is salicin, which is metabolized in the body to salicylic acid, a precursor to aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid). Modern scientific research has provided some validation for willow's use as an analgesic. Clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of willow bark extract in reducing pain, especially in conditions like lower back pain and osteoarthritis. There is also limited evidence suggesting that willow bark may help alleviate tension-type headaches and other mild pain syndromes, though the data are less robust than for musculoskeletal pain. The analgesic effect is attributed to its anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties, which are similar to those of aspirin, though typically milder.

However, few high-quality, large-scale randomized controlled trials specifically focus on headache treatment. Most evidence is extrapolated from studies on general pain or historical use. Potential side effects (such as gastrointestinal irritation or allergic reactions) and drug interactions must also be considered. In summary, willow bark's use for headaches is supported by both historical tradition and moderate scientific evidence, warranting a mid-range evidence rating.

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