Evidence supporting the use of: Riboflavin (vitamin B2)
For the health condition: Headache (general)

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is supported by scientific evidence for the prevention of certain types of headaches, particularly migraine headaches. Several clinical studies have shown that high-dose riboflavin supplementation (typically 400 mg daily) can reduce the frequency and severity of migraine attacks in both adults and children. The proposed mechanism involves riboflavin’s role in mitochondrial energy production; migraines are thought to be associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, and riboflavin acts as a cofactor for enzymes involved in cellular energy metabolism. Double-blind, placebo-controlled trials have demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in migraine frequency with riboflavin compared to placebo, though the effect size varies and the benefit appears moderate. Riboflavin is generally well tolerated, with minimal side effects, making it an attractive option for migraine prophylaxis.

However, evidence is much weaker or absent for other types of headache (such as tension-type headaches or cluster headaches), and the use of riboflavin for “headache” in general outside of migraines is not well supported. Major headache guidelines, including those from the American Academy of Neurology and the European Federation of Neurological Societies, recognize riboflavin as a preventive therapy for migraine, though not for other headache types. In summary, riboflavin has a moderate level of scientific evidence for migraine prevention, but should not be viewed as a general headache remedy.

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