Evidence supporting the use of: Trace minerals
For the health condition: Goiter

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Trace minerals, especially iodine, are scientifically validated in the prevention and treatment of goiter. Goiter is primarily caused by iodine deficiency, which leads to reduced synthesis of thyroid hormones and compensatory thyroid gland enlargement. Iodine is an essential component of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Numerous studies and public health interventions have demonstrated that iodine supplementation through iodized salt or other sources effectively reduces the prevalence of endemic goiter. The World Health Organization (WHO) and many national health authorities recommend iodine supplementation in regions with iodine-deficient soils to prevent goiter and related thyroid disorders. Other trace minerals, such as selenium and zinc, also play supportive roles in thyroid hormone metabolism. Selenium is necessary for the function of enzymes that convert T4 to the active T3 form, and deficiency may exacerbate thyroid dysfunction, although its impact on goiter alone is less direct than that of iodine. There is limited evidence for the role of other trace minerals in goiter prevention or treatment. In summary, the use of iodine, a key trace mineral, is strongly supported by scientific evidence for the prevention and treatment of goiter, whereas other trace minerals have more supportive or secondary roles.

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