Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Polyphenols, a diverse group of naturally occurring compounds found in plants such as green tea, berries, and grapes, have been investigated for their potential benefits in oral health, particularly in the management of gingivitis. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that polyphenols possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. These effects are relevant to gingivitis, an inflammatory condition of the gums often caused by bacterial plaque accumulation.

Scientific research supports the potential of polyphenols—such as catechins from green tea, resveratrol from grapes, and flavonoids from various fruits—to inhibit the growth of periodontal pathogens (e.g., Porphyromonas gingivalis), reduce plaque formation, and decrease inflammatory markers in the gums. Clinical trials, though limited in number and often of modest size, have shown that mouthwashes and toothpastes containing polyphenol-rich extracts can reduce gingival bleeding and inflammation compared to placebo or standard treatments.

However, despite these promising findings, the evidence is not robust enough to make polyphenols a standard therapy for gingivitis. Many studies are preliminary, and methodological differences limit direct comparisons. Larger, high-quality clinical trials are needed to confirm efficacy, establish optimal dosages, and determine long-term safety. Thus, while scientific evidence exists and continues to grow, it currently warrants a moderate evidence score.

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