Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Microbial enzymes, such as proteases, amylases, and glucose oxidase, have been investigated as adjuncts in oral care products for the management of gingivitis. The rationale is that these enzymes can disrupt dental plaque biofilms, degrade extracellular polymeric substances, and inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria associated with gum disease. Some proprietary blends, often derived from natural sources like Bacillus species or through fermentation, are incorporated in toothpastes or mouthwashes.

There is emerging, but limited, scientific evidence supporting their use. Several small-scale clinical trials and in vitro studies have shown that enzyme-containing oral products may reduce plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation compared to placebo. For example, a few randomized controlled trials have documented modest improvements in gingival indices and plaque scores after several weeks of use. The proposed mechanism is enzymatic degradation of plaque matrix, making it easier to remove with mechanical cleaning.

However, the evidence base is still modest, with most studies being of short duration, small sample size, and sometimes funded by manufacturers. Systematic reviews generally conclude that there is some potential benefit, but larger, independent, and longer-term studies are required to confirm efficacy and safety. Therefore, while there is scientific rationale and preliminary clinical evidence, the strength of evidence remains moderate to low.

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