Glycolic acid, an alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) primarily known for its use in dermatology, has been investigated in recent years for its potential role in supporting periodontal health, including the treatment of gingivitis. Scientific studies have shown that glycolic acid possesses properties beneficial to oral health, including its ability to disrupt biofilm formation, inhibit bacterial adhesion, and promote the remodeling of soft tissues. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that glycolic acid can reduce plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation when used as an adjunct to standard oral hygiene measures.

For instance, research published in peer-reviewed dental journals indicates that low concentrations of glycolic acid applied as a mouth rinse or gel may significantly decrease gingival bleeding and plaque index scores in patients with gingivitis over periods ranging from several days to a few weeks. The proposed mechanisms include its keratolytic effect, which enhances epithelial turnover and healing, and its potential to modulate the local inflammatory response.

However, the overall body of evidence remains limited, with most studies being small-scale, short-term, and lacking long-term safety data. While the initial results are promising and suggest a scientific rationale for its use, more robust clinical trials are needed to establish definitive efficacy and safety profiles for glycolic acid in the treatment of gingivitis.