Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Flavanones, a subclass of flavonoids commonly found in citrus fruits, have been investigated for their potential role in supporting or treating gingivitis due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. Several laboratory studies have demonstrated that specific flavanones—such as naringenin and hesperidin—can inhibit the growth of oral pathogens implicated in gingivitis, including Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus mutans. Additionally, in vitro and animal studies indicate that flavanones can modulate inflammatory responses by reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers in gingival tissues.

Clinical evidence, while still limited, is emerging. Small-scale randomized controlled trials have reported that mouthwashes or toothpastes containing citrus flavanones may reduce gingival bleeding, plaque accumulation, and signs of inflammation when compared to placebo. For example, a 2013 double-blind trial found that a mouth rinse with hesperidin led to a statistically significant reduction in gingival inflammation after 21 days. However, these studies are often limited by small sample sizes, short durations, and variability in formulations.

Overall, while promising, the current scientific evidence supporting the use of flavanones in gingivitis is moderate and primarily based on preclinical research and a few small clinical trials. Larger, longer-term human studies are needed to firmly establish efficacy and safety for this indication.

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