Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a major polyphenol found in green tea, and there is growing scientific evidence supporting its potential role in the management of gingivitis. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that EGCG possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties, which are relevant to the pathogenesis of gingivitis—a condition characterized by inflammation of the gums due to microbial plaque accumulation.

Specifically, EGCG has been shown to inhibit the growth of key periodontal pathogens, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Laboratory studies indicate that EGCG can reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1β, TNF-α) by gingival epithelial cells and modulate the host immune response, thereby limiting tissue damage. Clinical trials, though relatively limited in number and size, suggest that green tea extracts or EGCG-containing mouthwashes may reduce bleeding on probing, plaque scores, and gingival inflammation when used as adjuncts to conventional oral hygiene measures.

While the evidence is promising, most clinical studies to date are small, short-term, or use green tea extracts rather than purified EGCG, making it difficult to draw definitive conclusions. Nonetheless, the available scientific literature supports the rationale for using EGCG as a supportive agent in gingivitis management, though larger and more rigorous clinical trials are needed to establish optimal dosing and long-term efficacy.