Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Anthocyanins are a group of flavonoid compounds widely found in fruits and vegetables, particularly in berries, grapes, and red cabbage. Their use for gingivitis is primarily justified by emerging scientific evidence rather than traditional medicine. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that anthocyanins possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties, which are relevant to gingival health. For example, research has shown that anthocyanin-rich extracts can inhibit the growth of major periodontal pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines implicated in the pathogenesis of gingivitis. Small clinical trials and pilot studies have indicated that rinses or gels containing berry-derived anthocyanins can reduce gingival bleeding and plaque accumulation when used as adjuncts to standard oral hygiene.

However, while the laboratory and preliminary clinical findings are promising, large-scale and long-term human studies are limited. Most available human data are from short-term trials with relatively small sample sizes. There is not yet sufficient evidence to recommend anthocyanin-based products as a replacement for established gingivitis treatments, but their adjunctive use is supported by a moderate level of scientific evidence. In summary, anthocyanins are supported by scientific—not traditional—evidence for gingivitis, with a moderate (3/5) strength of evidence.

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