Evidence supporting the use of: EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid)
For the health condition: Endometriosis

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid found in fish oil, has been investigated for its potential role in managing endometriosis. The rationale for its use stems from EPA’s anti-inflammatory properties. Endometriosis is characterized by chronic inflammation, and omega-3 fatty acids can modulate inflammatory pathways by decreasing the synthesis of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid. Several small clinical studies and preclinical animal models have suggested that omega-3 supplementation, including EPA, may reduce pelvic pain and slow the progression of endometriotic lesions. For example, a 2013 randomized controlled trial (RCT) found that women who received omega-3 supplements reported a reduction in endometriosis-associated pain compared to placebo, though the study was small and included both EPA and DHA. Additionally, epidemiological data indicate that higher dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids is associated with a reduced risk of developing endometriosis. However, the overall quality and quantity of evidence remain limited. Most clinical trials have small sample sizes, variable EPA/DHA ratios, and short durations. Systematic reviews conclude there is some promise, but larger, well-designed RCTs are needed to establish efficacy. Nonetheless, the biological plausibility and preliminary human data provide a moderate scientific basis for EPA’s use in endometriosis management, especially as an adjunct to conventional therapies.

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