Evidence supporting the use of: Fish oil
For the health condition: Dysmenorrhea

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Fish oil, rich in omega-3 fatty acids (especially EPA and DHA), has a scientifically supported role in the management of dysmenorrhea (painful menstrual periods). The rationale is based on the anti-inflammatory properties of omega-3 fatty acids, which may reduce the synthesis of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins involved in uterine contractions and pain during menstruation. Several randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have investigated this effect. For example, a 2018 meta-analysis published in the Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research concluded that omega-3 supplementation significantly reduced pain intensity in women with primary dysmenorrhea compared to placebo. Other clinical studies have demonstrated reduced need for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in women supplemented with fish oil. The proposed mechanism is that omega-3 fatty acids compete with arachidonic acid (an omega-6 fatty acid) as substrates for cyclooxygenase enzymes, leading to the production of less inflammatory prostaglandins. While the evidence is promising, it is not yet universally accepted as standard therapy due to heterogeneity in study design, sample sizes, dosages, and treatment durations across studies. Nevertheless, fish oil is considered a safe adjunctive therapy for dysmenorrhea with a moderate evidence base supporting its efficacy.

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