Evidence supporting the use of: Folate
For the health condition: Dementia

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Folate (vitamin B9) has been investigated as a potential treatment and supportive therapy for dementia, particularly Alzheimer’s disease, due to its role in brain health and homocysteine metabolism. Scientific interest in folate stems from observations that low serum folate levels are more common in elderly individuals with cognitive decline. Elevated homocysteine, which can result from folate deficiency, is associated with increased risk for vascular disease and may contribute to neurodegeneration. Several observational studies suggest a correlation between low folate levels and an increased risk of dementia or cognitive impairment.

However, interventional studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have provided mixed results. Some small studies have suggested mild cognitive benefits with folate supplementation, especially in people who are deficient. Larger RCTs, including those supplementing with folic acid alone or in combination with other B vitamins, have not consistently demonstrated significant improvements in cognitive function or progression of dementia in individuals with normal folate levels. The strongest evidence for benefit appears in those who are already folate-deficient.

Thus, while there is a scientific rationale and some supporting evidence for correcting folate deficiency to potentially support cognitive function, the overall quality and consistency of evidence for folate supplementation as a treatment for dementia in the general population is low (rated 2/5). Supplementation is most clearly justified in cases of documented deficiency.

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