Menthol oil has been used in various hair care products, particularly for scalp conditions such as dandruff. While its traditional use is rooted in providing a cooling and soothing sensation, there is some scientific basis for its inclusion in anti-dandruff formulations, though the evidence is not particularly strong or comprehensive.

From a scientific perspective, menthol is known for its anti-pruritic (anti-itch) and mild antiseptic properties. Some studies have shown that menthol can help alleviate itching and irritation of the scalp, which are common symptoms associated with dandruff. For example, menthol activates cold-sensitive TRPM8 receptors in the skin, producing a cooling effect that can relieve discomfort. Furthermore, menthol exhibits mild antimicrobial activity, which may help reduce populations of Malassezia spp.—the yeast implicated in dandruff pathogenesis—though its efficacy is much less potent compared to established antifungal agents like ketoconazole or zinc pyrithione.

However, there are few direct clinical studies demonstrating that menthol oil alone can significantly reduce dandruff flakes or address its underlying causes. Most anti-dandruff shampoos that include menthol do so in combination with other proven active ingredients, and menthol is primarily valued for symptomatic relief (cooling, soothing, and reducing itchiness). Overall, while there is some scientific rationale for its use, menthol oil should be considered an adjunct rather than a primary treatment for dandruff.