Evidence supporting the use of: Fennel
For the health condition: Cramps (menstrual)

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) has a long history of traditional use for alleviating menstrual cramps (dysmenorrhea), particularly in Mediterranean and Middle Eastern folk medicine. More recently, scientific research has investigated its efficacy, providing moderate evidence to support its use. Several randomized controlled trials and clinical studies have explored the effects of fennel extract and its essential oil on primary dysmenorrhea. The proposed mechanism involves the antispasmodic properties of anethole, a major constituent in fennel, which may help relax uterine muscles and reduce the intensity of cramps. In a number of studies, fennel was found to be as effective as some conventional treatments (such as mefenamic acid) in reducing pain severity, with fewer reported side effects.

A 2012 systematic review published in the Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology concluded that fennel could significantly decrease pain compared to placebo, although the number of high-quality studies remains limited. Another review in 2015 found similar results, noting the generally favorable safety profile of fennel. However, most available clinical trials have small sample sizes and methodological limitations, making it difficult to draw definitive conclusions. While more large-scale, rigorous studies are needed, current evidence suggests that fennel is a promising herbal option for managing menstrual cramps, especially for those seeking alternatives to pharmaceuticals.

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