Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, can confer health benefits on the host. Their use for treating or supporting constipation in adults has some scientific basis, though the strength of evidence varies depending on the specific strain, dose, and population studied. Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses have investigated the impact of various probiotic strains (such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species) on adult constipation. Some studies report modest improvements in stool frequency, stool consistency, and transit time, suggesting a beneficial effect, while others find minimal or no benefit. Notably, a 2017 meta-analysis in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition concluded that certain probiotic strains may increase stool frequency by approximately 1.3 bowel movements per week in adults with constipation. However, heterogeneity in study design and probiotic formulations means results are not universally applicable, and no single "unspecified" probiotic can be recommended. Most guidelines suggest probiotics may be tried as adjuncts when first-line therapies fail, but more research is needed to identify optimal strains and protocols. Thus, while there is scientific validation for the use of some probiotics in adult constipation, the evidence is moderate and strain-specific rather than generalizable to all probiotics.

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