Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum), which contains the active compound capsaicin, has been traditionally used to alleviate symptoms of nasal and sinus congestion. The scientific basis for its use primarily revolves around capsaicin’s ability to interact with sensory neurons. Capsaicin can stimulate the trigeminal nerve endings in the nasal mucosa, initially causing a sensation of burning, followed by a period of reduced sensitivity. This is thought to decrease nasal obstruction and promote mucus drainage. Several small clinical trials and studies suggest that intranasal capsaicin applications may reduce symptoms of non-allergic rhinitis and chronic nasal congestion. For example, randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that capsaicin nasal sprays can improve nasal airflow and decrease congestion in certain populations, particularly those with non-allergic rhinitis. However, the evidence is limited by small sample sizes, variability in study design, and a lack of large-scale, long-term studies. Additionally, the use of cayenne or capsaicin can cause significant discomfort, including burning sensations, which may limit its practical use. While there is some scientific validation supporting the efficacy of capsaicin for sinus congestion, the overall quality and quantity of evidence is moderate to low, justifying a rating of 2 on a scale of 0-5.

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