Piper nigrum, commonly known as black pepper, has a long history of use in traditional medicine systems such as Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for treating respiratory ailments, including bronchial congestion. In these traditional contexts, black pepper is often included in herbal preparations to help loosen phlegm, stimulate circulation, and ease breathing. Its pungency is believed to help "open up" the airways and promote expectoration. The active component, piperine, is thought to have mild irritant and stimulant effects on the mucous membranes, which may encourage the expulsion of mucus. Additionally, black pepper is sometimes used in decoctions or teas with other herbs aimed at relieving cough and cold symptoms. However, while these uses are well documented in ethnobotanical literature, there is a lack of robust clinical trials or scientific studies directly validating the efficacy of Piper nigrum for bronchial congestion in humans. Most modern research on black pepper focuses on its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and bioavailability-enhancing properties rather than respiratory effects. In summary, while Piper nigrum is traditionally used for bronchial congestion, current scientific evidence is insufficient to fully support these claims, and its use for this purpose remains rooted in historical practice rather than rigorous clinical validation.