Synopsis

Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 2

Anthocyanins, a class of flavonoid pigments found in many fruits and vegetables (such as berries, red cabbage, and purple sweet potatoes), have a long history of use in traditional medicine, particularly in the form of elderberry (Sambucus nigra) preparations. Elderberry syrup, rich in anthocyanins, has been used in European and Native American folk medicine as a remedy for colds and flu-like symptoms, especially those accompanied by fever. The rationale for their traditional use is based on the observed effects of reducing the severity and duration of cold symptoms, though these effects were largely anecdotal and based on empirical knowledge passed down through generations. While modern research has begun to explore the antiviral and immunomodulatory properties of anthocyanins, especially in elderberry extracts, the evidence for significant efficacy remains limited. A few small clinical trials have suggested that elderberry extract may reduce the duration of flu symptoms, but these studies often have methodological limitations and may not be generalizable to all cold viruses or anthocyanin sources. The proposed mechanisms include inhibition of viral replication and modulation of inflammatory cytokines. However, there is not yet robust clinical evidence to support the widespread use of anthocyanins for the treatment of colds with fever. Therefore, their use for this indication remains grounded primarily in tradition, with only preliminary scientific support.

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