Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Sambucus nigra (elderberry) has a long history of traditional use in Europe for treating respiratory ailments, including colds and flu. In recent years, its use for cold prevention and treatment has been investigated in several scientific studies. Elderberry extracts are rich in flavonoids, particularly anthocyanins, which have demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Several in vitro studies have shown that elderberry extracts can inhibit the replication of common cold and influenza viruses and may enhance immune response.

Clinical evidence is moderate but promising. A few randomized, placebo-controlled trials have found that elderberry extract may reduce the duration and severity of cold symptoms when taken at the onset of illness. For example, a 2016 meta-analysis published in Complementary Therapies in Medicine concluded that elderberry supplementation could significantly reduce upper respiratory symptoms. However, most studies are small, and methodologies vary, limiting the strength of the evidence. There is less evidence supporting elderberry for the prevention (as opposed to treatment) of colds, with most research focusing on symptom management rather than outright prevention.

Overall, while Sambucus nigra’s traditional use for colds is well documented and there is some scientific support, particularly for symptom reduction rather than prevention, larger and more rigorous trials are needed to firmly establish its efficacy for cold prevention.

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