Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Probiotics, a broad category of beneficial microorganisms, have been studied for their role in supporting immune health and potentially preventing the common cold. Several randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have investigated the effects of probiotic supplementation on respiratory tract infections, including colds. Some studies suggest that regular consumption of certain probiotic strains (notably Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium) may reduce the incidence and duration of upper respiratory tract infections in both children and adults. For example, a 2015 Cochrane review found that probiotics probably reduce the number of participants experiencing episodes of acute upper respiratory tract infections and slightly reduce the duration of illness compared to placebo.

However, the evidence is considered modest, with benefits varying depending on the specific strains used, dosages, and study populations. The mechanism is thought to involve modulation of the immune system, including enhancing mucosal immunity. Importantly, "probiotic (unspecified)" is a broad term, and not all probiotics have been shown to be effective for cold prevention; the benefits observed in studies are usually strain-specific. Overall, while there is some scientific support for the use of certain probiotics in cold prevention, the evidence is not strong or universally applicable, leading to a moderate evidence rating.

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