Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Oligosaccharides, a type of prebiotic fiber, have been studied for their potential role in supporting immune function and possibly reducing the risk of respiratory infections, including the common cold. The scientific rationale stems from the ability of oligosaccharides to promote the growth of beneficial gut bacteria (such as Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli), which may, in turn, modulate immune responses. Several clinical studies, particularly in infants and children, have shown that prebiotic supplementation can reduce the incidence or severity of respiratory tract infections, though these findings are not universally consistent. For example, a systematic review published in "The Journal of Nutrition" (2016) found that prebiotic supplementation was associated with fewer episodes of fever and respiratory tract infections in infants. However, the evidence in healthy adults is more limited and less conclusive.

The mechanism is thought to involve the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), where changes in the microbiota composition can influence systemic immunity. Nevertheless, while these findings suggest a potential benefit, the overall quality of evidence is moderate at best, and prebiotics including oligosaccharides are not established as a primary or standalone means of cold prevention. More rigorous and larger-scale human trials are needed to confirm efficacy, optimal dosing, and which populations may benefit most.

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