Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) are prebiotic fibers that selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, particularly Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species. The rationale behind using GOS for cold prevention is based on the role of the gut microbiota in modulating immune responses. Several clinical studies, mainly in infants and young children, have investigated whether supplementation with GOS (alone or in combination with other prebiotics) can reduce the incidence or severity of upper respiratory tract infections, including the common cold. Some randomized controlled trials have shown that GOS may modestly reduce the risk or duration of respiratory infections, potentially by enhancing the immune system's function through improved gut microbiota composition. However, the effects are generally small, and the evidence is not entirely consistent. There is limited research in adults, and most studies involve pediatric populations or include GOS as part of a synbiotic or prebiotic blend, making it difficult to isolate its specific effect. Overall, while there is emerging scientific evidence suggesting a possible benefit of GOS for cold prevention, the quality and quantity of the evidence is moderate at best, supporting a rating of 2 out of 5. Further well-designed, large-scale trials are needed to confirm its effectiveness and clarify the mechanisms involved.

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