Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

European Elder (Sambucus nigra) for Colds: Evidence Overview

European Elder, particularly its berries, has a long history of traditional use in Europe for treating symptoms of colds and flu. Beyond tradition, there is a growing body of scientific research supporting its use for this purpose. Several randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials have investigated the efficacy of elderberry extracts in reducing the duration and severity of cold symptoms. For instance, a double-blind study published in 2009 found that air travelers who took elderberry extract had a significant reduction in cold duration and symptom severity compared to placebo. Another study from 2004 demonstrated that elderberry syrup reduced the duration of flu symptoms by about four days compared to placebo.

The proposed mechanisms of action include elderberry’s antiviral properties, with in vitro studies showing that elderberry extracts can inhibit the replication of several strains of influenza viruses. It is also thought to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which may contribute to symptom relief. However, while these results are promising, the number of high-quality, large-scale human studies is still relatively limited, and methodological differences exist among studies. Thus, while scientific evidence supports the traditional use of European Elder for colds, more robust clinical research is needed for definitive conclusions. Overall, the evidence merits an intermediate rating.

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