Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Catechins, a class of polyphenols primarily found in green tea, have been studied for their potential antiviral properties, including effects against viruses responsible for the common cold (primarily rhinoviruses and some coronaviruses). Laboratory and animal studies suggest that catechins, particularly epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), can inhibit viral replication and prevent viruses from attaching to and entering host cells. Some in vitro research has shown that catechins can disrupt the lipid membranes of enveloped viruses and may inhibit viral enzymes needed for replication.

Human evidence, however, is limited and mixed. A few small clinical trials have evaluated green tea catechin supplementation in the context of upper respiratory tract infections. For example, a Japanese randomized controlled trial found that catechin-containing green tea gargles reduced the incidence of influenza but not necessarily the common cold. Another study suggested that catechin-rich green tea capsules may reduce the incidence of cold and flu symptoms among healthcare workers.

While the mechanistic and preliminary clinical evidence is promising, there are no large, high-quality clinical trials demonstrating a clear, consistent benefit of catechins for preventing or treating the common cold. Thus, while scientific interest and plausibility exist, the evidence remains modest, and catechins cannot be conclusively recommended as an effective antiviral treatment for colds at this time.

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