Synopsis

Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 2

Balsam, particularly in the form of balsam of Peru, balsam fir, or other resinous plant exudates referred to as "balsam," has a long history of use in traditional medicine for the management of respiratory ailments, including colds. Folk remedies have employed balsam preparations as inhalants, topical salves, or components of cough syrups, believing their aromatic and expectorant properties help relieve congestion and soothe respiratory discomfort. In some traditional systems, balsam was also thought to have mild antiseptic or antimicrobial effects, but these beliefs were not based on rigorous scientific validation.

Modern clinical evidence supporting the use of balsam for treating or preventing colds is limited and largely anecdotal. While in vitro laboratory studies have sometimes shown weak antiviral or antibacterial activity for certain balsam components (such as benzoic acid or cinnamic acid derivatives), these effects have not translated into well-established clinical efficacy in humans. Most contemporary cold remedies containing balsam rely on its soothing aroma and demulcent properties rather than any proven antiviral action. As such, the use of balsam for colds is primarily justified by tradition, with scientific validation still lacking. The evidence rating is 2, reflecting historical use with limited experimental backing.

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