Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Willow (Salix spp.), especially white willow bark, has a long history of use for pain relief, including backache, dating back to ancient civilizations such as the Greeks and Egyptians. The primary active compound in willow bark is salicin, which is metabolized in the body to salicylic acid—a precursor to aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid). Several clinical studies have investigated the efficacy of willow bark extract in treating low back pain. A notable randomized controlled trial published in the American Journal of Medicine (2000) demonstrated that patients with chronic low back pain experienced significant pain relief with 240 mg or 120 mg standardized willow bark extract compared to placebo. Other systematic reviews and meta-analyses, such as those published in Phytotherapy Research and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, conclude that willow bark appears to be more effective than placebo for short-term improvement of pain, including back pain, with a favorable safety profile when used for a limited period.

However, the quality and size of studies are moderate, and methodological limitations exist. There is also some variability in standardization and dosage across products. While not as robust as conventional NSAIDs, the evidence for willow bark is stronger than for many herbal remedies. Therefore, the use of willow for backache is justified by both traditional use and a moderate level of scientific evidence, meriting a score of 3 out of 5.

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