Evidence supporting the use of: Selenium
For the health condition: Autoimmune Disorders

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Selenium is an essential trace element that plays a critical role in the function of the immune system and antioxidant defense. Its use in supporting autoimmune disorders, especially autoimmune thyroid diseases such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease, is based on a growing body of scientific evidence. Selenium is a component of selenoproteins, including glutathione peroxidases and thioredoxin reductases, which help reduce oxidative stress and modulate immune responses. Several clinical studies and meta-analyses suggest that selenium supplementation can reduce thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) levels in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, indicating a potential benefit in lowering autoimmune activity. Additionally, selenium supplementation has been associated with improved well-being and a reduction in inflammatory markers in some patients with autoimmune thyroid disorders. However, the evidence is mixed and not universally conclusive. While some randomized controlled trials have demonstrated modest benefits, others show limited or no effect on clinical outcomes such as thyroid function or symptom improvement. The therapeutic benefit of selenium supplementation appears to be more pronounced in individuals with low baseline selenium status. Excessive selenium intake can be toxic, so supplementation should be approached with caution and ideally under medical supervision. Overall, current scientific evidence supports a role for selenium in the management of certain autoimmune disorders, particularly autoimmune thyroid diseases, but more research is needed to establish optimal dosing, duration, and long-term safety.

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