Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Rosmarinic acid, a polyphenolic compound found in various herbs such as rosemary, perilla, and basil, has been investigated for its potential effects in asthma primarily due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Preclinical studies, particularly in animal models, have demonstrated that rosmarinic acid can inhibit airway inflammation, reduce eosinophil infiltration, and decrease cytokine production—all key features of asthma pathophysiology. For example, in murine models of allergic asthma, supplementation with rosmarinic acid led to reductions in airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammatory cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.

On the cellular level, rosmarinic acid has been shown to suppress the activation of NF-κB and other pro-inflammatory pathways, which are implicated in asthma exacerbations. Additionally, some studies indicate that rosmarinic acid may inhibit the release of histamine and other mediators from mast cells.

However, human clinical evidence is limited. Few small-scale human trials or pilot studies have been conducted, and while some report beneficial effects on biomarkers of inflammation or mild improvements in symptoms, these studies are generally underpowered and not definitive. Thus, while there is a scientific rationale and promising preclinical data, robust clinical evidence in humans is lacking. The overall quality and quantity of evidence supporting the use of rosmarinic acid for asthma is modest, and more research is needed before it can be recommended as a treatment.

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