Evidence supporting the use of: EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid)
For the health condition: Arteriosclerosis

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid primarily found in marine oils, has been studied for its potential role in supporting cardiovascular health, including the treatment and prevention of arteriosclerosis (the thickening and hardening of arterial walls). The rationale for using EPA is based on its ability to reduce inflammation, lower triglyceride levels, and favorably modify lipid profiles, all of which are risk factors for arteriosclerosis. Clinical trials and epidemiological studies have shown that populations with higher dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids, such as those consuming a Mediterranean or traditional Japanese diet, tend to have lower rates of cardiovascular disease. Specifically, prescription-strength EPA (such as icosapent ethyl) has been evaluated in large randomized controlled trials, including the REDUCE-IT trial, which demonstrated a significant reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events among high-risk patients with elevated triglycerides. However, while EPA shows promise in reducing cardiovascular events, direct evidence of its impact on the progression or regression of arteriosclerotic plaques is less robust. The American Heart Association supports the use of omega-3 fatty acids, including EPA, for cardiovascular risk reduction in certain populations, but does not recommend them universally for arteriosclerosis specifically. In summary, while the evidence base is moderate and primarily centers on cardiovascular risk reduction rather than direct reversal of arteriosclerosis, EPA’s anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering properties provide scientific rationale for its use in this context.

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