Polygala root, also known as Polygala tenuifolia or Yuan Zhi in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), has a long history of use for supporting mental health, particularly anxiety, restlessness, and insomnia. In TCM, it is believed to "calm the spirit" (Shen) and is often included in herbal formulas aimed at soothing anxiety and emotional disturbances. The traditional use is well-documented in classic Chinese medical texts, where Polygala is prescribed for symptoms that align with modern definitions of anxiety, such as palpitations, forgetfulness, and sleeplessness.

Scientific investigation into Polygala root’s anxiolytic (anti-anxiety) effects is still in early stages, primarily limited to animal studies and preclinical research. Some studies in rodents suggest that extracts of Polygala root may influence neurotransmitter systems (such as serotonin and GABA), which are implicated in anxiety regulation. However, robust human clinical trials are lacking, and the precise mechanisms, efficacy, and safety profiles remain unclear.

In summary, the use of Polygala root for anxiety is primarily justified by a strong tradition within TCM, supported by centuries of empirical use. While early scientific data are promising, they are not yet sufficient to fully validate its use according to modern evidence-based standards. Individuals interested in using Polygala root for anxiety should consult with a qualified healthcare provider, especially due to the lack of substantial human clinical data.