Paris polyphylla, also known as "Chonglou" in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been used for centuries to treat abscesses, boils, and other inflammatory conditions. Its roots and rhizomes are commonly included in herbal formulas intended to "clear heat," "remove toxins," and "reduce swelling." This ethnomedical use is well-documented in classical TCM texts and modern pharmacopeias, where Paris polyphylla is described as an ingredient for resolving suppurative infections and abscesses, both internal and external.

Scientifically, several in vitro studies have demonstrated that extracts and steroidal saponins from Paris polyphylla possess anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, which could provide a rationale for its traditional application. Some research indicates these compounds can inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines and suppress bacterial growth. However, most studies are preclinical and do not directly evaluate efficacy against abscesses in human subjects. There are no large-scale clinical trials that specifically confirm its effectiveness for this indication. Therefore, while scientific findings offer partial support, the primary justification for its use in abscesses remains traditional, with a moderate level of supporting evidence.