Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Fat liver oil, often referred to as cod liver oil, has been studied for its potential benefits in treating Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) due to its high content of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (EPA and DHA) and vitamin D. Several clinical trials have investigated its efficacy. A notable randomized controlled trial published in Rheumatology (2008) found that supplementation with cod liver oil allowed some RA patients to reduce their use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), suggesting an anti-inflammatory benefit. Omega-3 fatty acids are known to modulate immune function and reduce the production of inflammatory cytokines implicated in RA pathogenesis.

Meta-analyses and reviews generally conclude that fish oil, including cod liver oil, provides a modest reduction in joint tenderness and morning stiffness in RA patients. However, the effects are typically moderate, not curative, and are most pronounced in patients already receiving standard medical therapies. The quality of evidence is moderate, with some variability in study design, dosages, and duration.

Historically, cod liver oil has also been used traditionally for joint pain and general health, but modern support for its use in RA is primarily grounded in scientific rationale and clinical studies. Overall, the evidence supports its adjunctive use, not as a replacement for disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), but as a supplement that may help reduce inflammation and NSAID requirements in some RA patients.

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