Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Beta-carotene has scientific support for its use in reducing the risk of progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), especially as established by the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS). This landmark randomized controlled trial found that a specific formulation of antioxidants—including beta-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, and copper—reduced the risk of progression to advanced AMD by about 25% in individuals with intermediate or advanced AMD in one eye. Beta-carotene, as a precursor to vitamin A, is thought to support retinal health through its antioxidant properties, neutralizing free radicals that can damage retinal cells.

However, it is crucial to note that subsequent research, including the AREDS2 trial, found that substituting beta-carotene with the carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin provided similar protective effects but without the increased lung cancer risk seen in smokers taking beta-carotene supplements. Thus, while the original AREDS formula (which included beta-carotene) had demonstrated benefit, current clinical guidelines recommend formulations without beta-carotene, especially for those with a history of smoking, due to its associated risks. Overall, the use of beta-carotene for AMD is grounded in scientific evidence, but its role has evolved with new findings, and alternative carotenoids are often preferred in modern practice.

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