Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Green tea antioxidants, particularly catechins such as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), have been studied for their effects on oral health, including gingivitis. Several in vitro, animal, and human clinical studies have demonstrated that green tea polyphenols possess anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties, which are relevant to the pathogenesis of gingivitis—a disease characterized by inflammation and microbial biofilm formation on gingival tissues.

Randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews indicate that green tea mouthwashes or topical applications can reduce gingival inflammation and bleeding when used as an adjunct to standard oral hygiene. For example, a 2016 systematic review in the Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology concluded that green tea catechins, when delivered locally, reduced periodontal pocket depth and gingival inflammation. Another randomized clinical trial published in Journal of Periodontology (2012) found significant improvements in gingival index and plaque index among participants using green tea mouthwash compared to placebo.

The mechanisms proposed include inhibition of growth and adherence of periodontal pathogens, reduction of inflammatory mediators (such as interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α), and suppression of oxidative stress in gum tissues. Although more large-scale and long-term studies are needed, current evidence supports the adjunctive use of green tea antioxidants for managing gingivitis, thus earning a moderate evidence score.

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