Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Valerenic acid is a key active compound found in the root of Valeriana officinalis (valerian), a herb traditionally used for its sedative and anxiolytic properties. Scientific research has demonstrated that valerenic acid can modulate the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system, which is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter system in the central nervous system. Specifically, valerenic acid acts as a positive allosteric modulator at GABA_A receptors, enhancing GABAergic transmission. This effect is believed to underlie the calming and sleep-promoting actions of valerian extracts.

Several animal and in vitro studies have confirmed valerenic acid’s ability to interact with the GABA_A receptor complex, leading to increased inhibitory neurotransmission and reduced neuronal excitability. Some human clinical trials using valerian root extract (which contains valerenic acid) have reported improvements in sleep quality and latency, though results are mixed and often complicated by study design limitations.

While most clinical studies assess whole valerian root extracts rather than isolated valerenic acid, the mechanistic evidence from laboratory research supports its relevance to the GABA system. Therefore, the use of valerenic acid to support the GABAergic system is justified by scientific findings, though more robust clinical trials on the isolated compound would further clarify its efficacy. Overall, the current evidence base is moderate (rated 3/5).

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